上海市宝山区2018届高三上学期期末教学质量监测英语考试试题-讲解稿

宝山区2018学年第一学期期末高三质量监测试卷

I. Listening Comprehension Section A

1. A. In two weeks. B. Within two weeks. C. Two weeks ago. D. For two weeks. 2. A. At a garage. B. In a parking lot. C. At a car shop. D. In a car showroom. 3. A. Sell the ice cream. B. Take a bite of the ice cream. C. Make a wish. D. Pass up the food. 4. A. $5.00. B. $8.00. C. $3.00. D. $2.5. 5. A. She's unwilling to do it. B. She is afraid of donating blood. C. Donating blood is none of her business. D. She's ready to donate blood. 6. A. Sick. B. Quite well. C. Excited. D. Confused. 7. A. She has only one coat so she can't choose. B. She has a coat but she doesn't want to wear it. C. She hopes that the man can lend her one. D. She doesn't wear a coat since she hasn't one. 8. A. She's wondering how many hands she has. B. She doesn't want to help the man. C. She can't handle this suitcase by hand. D. She would help the man in hand.

9. A. She can't prevent her family members from missing her. B. She can't help her family because she is not strong enough.

C. She misses her family because she doesn't do well in the new school. D. She misses her family because she doesn't get used to the school's life. 10. A. She was busy eating something delicious.

B. Johnson was too busy to talk to someone. C. She didn't notice who Johnson was talking to. D. Johnson was meeting the new guests then. Section B

Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Waste from animal. B. Agricultural chemicals.

C. Industrial waste. D. Safe containers. 12. A. Undamaged metal cans. B. All the boxes of juice or milk.

C. Leaking cans. D. Waterproof containers. 13. A. You should clean up the cans only.

B. You should brush the cans and then put them in boiled water. C. You should place the cans in safe areas.

D. You should make the cans clean and boil them thoroughly.

Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. A laboratory assistant. B. A chemistry teacher.

C. A teacher of a laboratory. D. A professor in the hospital. 15. A. He can make up the class. B. He will be dropped from the class.

C. He will be reported immediately. D. He will attend other classes. 16. A. It must be fastened tightly together. B. It should be cut right away.

C. The students will be asked to leave the class. D. The students' parents will be called to school.

1 / 8

上海市宝山区2018届高三上学期期末教学质量监测英语考试试题-讲解稿

Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Purple. B. Black. C. Natural. D. Gray. 18. A. Because she is afraid to appear in a magazine.

B. Because she thinks dyeing hair will do harm to hair. C. Because she hopes to be different from others.

D. Because she is afraid to be punished by her parents. 19. A. Having it cut immediately. B. Letting it be.

C. Having it dyed again. D. Dyeing it themselves. 20. A. Dye her hair right away. B. Buy some cheap dye.

C. Keep her hair natural. D. Choose some special products.

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Ten year-old Annemarie Johansen lives with her family in Copenhagen, Denmark. There are soldiers on the streets, and the country (21) ______ (occupy) by the Nazis. There isn't enough to eat, and the world is at war.处于交战状态 Then the Nazis decide to\"relocate\"the country's Jewish population. 重新安置人口The Danes don't know (22) ______ their friends and neighbors are being taken away. They don't know where they are going, either. But they do know that it is wrong and dangerous and that they must help.

Number the Stars is a very powerful novel. During World War II, the Nazis (23) ______ (kill) millions of people in Europe. Many of those people were Jewish. But in Denmark, almost all of the Jewish population was saved. Number the Stars is a work of fiction一部小说作品, but it tells the true story of the Jewish (24) ______ (rescue) during the war. The moving plot is driven by justice, danger and excitement. But the book also deals with significant ideas that are much (25) ______ (big) than the story itself.

Annemarie must learn that evil doesn't just appear in fairy tales. It's a real thing that affects real people. She must also struggle with questions of loyalty and sacrifice忠诚和牺牲. Who would she die to protect? And is she brave enough (26) ______ (make) that sacrifice捐躯牺牲? Most importantly, Annemarie learns that (27) ______ (be) brave doesn't mean being fearless. It means doing the right thing despite the fact (28) ______ you are afraid. That's heavy stuff沉重的东西for a children's novel.

I have taught Number the Stars to many classes at many different levels. It has always been a popular choice. It uses simple language and sentences. It is easy to read and provides clear examples of literary techniques like foreshadowing (预示). But it is also interesting, and the characters are (29) ______ (engage) . The plot is full of tension. 角色引人入胜，情节紧张刺激。

Lois Lowry, the author, has written many award-winning novels for young people. Number the Stars is a remarkable example of the talent (30) ______ has made her so celebrated. 'selɪbreɪtɪd 使她如此出名 21. is occupied 26. to make Section B

22. why 27. being

23.killed 28. that

24. rescued 29. engaging

25. bigger 30. that/which

A. common B. voting C. efforts D. elected E. end F. protesting G. say H. exercised I. argued J. equal K. rights In most democracies民主today, people expect women to vote. Women are just as able to make decisions about their 31 leaders as men. 女性和男性一样，能够对自己选出的领导人做出决定。 But 200 years ago, most people didn't think so.

As late as the middle of the 19th century only men voted in most Western countries. A few countries or states let women vote in local elections. But women voting was far from 32 . 还远远没有普及At that time, people believed

2 / 8

上海市宝山区2018届高三上学期期末教学质量监测英语考试试题-讲解稿

that women belonged in the home. That meant they should not get involved with public life.

But women in Europe, North America and New Zealand began 33 protesting this situation. 这种情况 They believed that they should have a(n) 34 有发言权 in their government's leaders. In 1792 an English novelist named Mary Wollstonecraft 35 that women should be able to vote. In the United States, Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were important figures. They met while campaigning to put a(n) 36 to slavery. 他们在为结束奴隶制而进行的活动中相遇In the process, they decided that women also should have more 37 .

Yet despite the 38 of these women， neither Great Britain nor the United States was the first country to let women vote. That honor goes to New Zealand, which changed their law on September 19, 13. This was because of women like Kate Shepherd. She led a group that presented petitions（书） to their parliament three years in a row. 然而，尽管这些妇女作出了努力，但英国和美国都不是第一个允许妇女投票的国家，这一荣誉归于新西兰，新西兰于13年9月19日修改了他们的法律。这是因为像凯特·谢泼德这样的女人。她领导的一个小组连续三年向议会提交书。Shepherd is now honored on New Zealand's $10 bill.

New Zealand was followed by Australia in 1902 and Finland in 1906. By this time, some U.S. states and territories allowed women to vote. But the country as a whole didn't give women the right until after World War I.

In many countries, the right to hold political office came along with the right to vote. 同时拥有担任政治职务的权利与投票权。And women have 39 that right. 行使权利In many countries, women have even held their country's highest office. All of that is due to the efforts of the women who fought for a(n) 40 voice. 31.D 32. A 33. F 34. G 35. I 36. E 37. K 38. C 39. H 40. J

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

The search for new, clean energy sources has occupied the attention of scientists and politicians for years. One common 41 for green energy is the wind. A new twist on this old resource could cause the energy output of wind-power plants to increase greatly. 对这一古老资源的新改造可能会使风力发电厂的能源产量大幅增加。

Standard wind-power plants rely on strong support and 42 can only reach a height of 200 meters or so. Higher than that, winds tend to be stronger and steadier, but the challenge is 43 how to obtain the energy from those winds.

Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands and Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences in Germany have formed a kite-power research group. The group is working to develop kites with inflatable （可充气的）wings 44 to electrical generators (发电机) on the ground.

The research group's goal is to design a kite that can operate on its own for 24 hours. Research has begun, but many challenges remain, including making the generators more 45 and perfecting the automatic flight control and the structure of the kites. 研究已经开始，但仍有许多挑战，包括使发电机更有效率，完善自动飞行控制和风筝的结构。Nevertheless in June 2012, they demonstrated that their kites could operate 46 at an altitude of up to 700 meters.

Meanwhile, in Italy, researchers are working on a(n) 47 power generator that relies on kites when the generator called KiteGen, senses the wind blowing, kites are 48 from the ends of poles with high-resistance cables to control their height and angle. 与此同时，在意大利，研究人员正在研制一种类似的发电机组，这种发电机组依靠风筝发电。当一种叫做Kitegen的发电机感应到风时，风筝会从带有高电阻电缆的电线杆端部释放出来，以控制其高度和角度。These cables are able to move the kites if the system senses coming objects 49 planes, helicopters or even individual birds. The kites themselves are light, tough and able to reach fairly high altitudes. They loop（绕行）around in the wind, which sets the center of the generator in motion, 50 electric current. 如果系统感觉到前来的物体如飞机，直升机，甚至个别的鸟类等时，这些电缆能够使风筝移动，风筝本身很轻，很结实，能够达到相当高的高度。它们在风中绕圈子，风使发电机的中心运动，产生电流。

KiteGen has the 51 to be very cost-effective in the long run. After the original cost of designing and setting up

3 / 8

上海市宝山区2018届高三上学期期末教学质量监测英语考试试题-讲解稿

the plant, little 52 investment will be necessary, apart from standard maintenance. The plant also requires 53 little space, which makes it ideal for cities and means that multiple plants can be set up to provide even more 54 . Kite power has the potential to greatly 55 on current wind-power strategies. In the future, it may be an efficient, cost-effective supplement to the other sources of energy we use, or even a replacement for some of them. 41. A. resolution B. proposal C. resource D. substitute 42. A. generally B. frequently C. continually D. regularly 43. A. carrying out B. figuring out C. breaking out D. picking out 44. A. chosen B. applied C. collected D. connected 45. A. efficient B. complete C. powerful D. positive 46. A. actively B. passively C. automatically D. artificially 47. A. strange B. similar C. different D. original 48. A. fastened B. revealed C. tailored D. released 49. A. except for B. instead of C. such as D. due to

50. A. producing B. inventing C. promoting D. developing 51. A. qualification B. potential C. trend D. intention 52. A. normal B. formal C. additional D. alternate 53. A. concretely B. abstractly C. thoroughly D. relatively 54. A. energy B. strength C. technology D. opportunity 55. A. focus B. extend C. improve D. transfer

41—55 CABDA CBDCA BCDAC

Section B

(A) Many people experience problems with their spine (脊椎) as they age. The tissue that protects the joints in the spine gradually breaks down. As a consequence, the bones in the spine begin to rub against each other. This further harms the tissue as well as the bones. The result is pain in the joints and, sometimes, in nerves near the spine.

This painful problem is actually a disease called osteoporosis. Some people are more at risk of osteoporosis because of genes that they inherited from their ancestors. Extremely heavy people are also more likely to suffer from this disease because their extra weight puts much pressure on their joints. Fortunately, there are steps that people can take to help prevent osteoporosis from developing in their spine.

The most important step is exercise. Stretches can help the muscles around the spine relax and allow bones to shift into better alignment (排列). Strength exercises with light weights or body weight exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around the spine. However, people should not overdo these exercises, as repeated motions can strain the muscles around the spine. Trying to lift heavy weights with poor technique can have the same effect.

Another important factor is diet. It affects the health of the spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves. These include B vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids, all of which help keep nerves healthy. People can get more B vitamins and omega 3 fatty acids by taking supplements sold by stores. Another important factor is vitamin D, which is essential for strong bones. All of these vitamins and acids can be obtained from foods. Thus, people can help themselves by including them in their daily diets.

56. What does this article mainly explain?

A. Various aspects of a medical condition C. Drugs often used to solve physical issues 57. How does the writer begin this article?

A. By predicting improvement

B. The actions of viruses that cause illnesses

D. The location of organs in the human body B. By analyzing a series of data

4 / 8

上海市宝山区2018届高三上学期期末教学质量监测英语考试试题-讲解稿

C. By introducing minor injuries D. By describing a gradual process 58. What can readers find in this article?

A. A warning about working out too hard B. A method for improving sleep quality C. A slogan used to promote health classes D. A big criticism often aimed at doctors 59. What does the article imply about supplement? a multiple vitamin and mineral supplement. …一种复合维生素和矿物质养生片剂。

A. They are mainly for youngsters. B. They are commercial products. C. They are now being researched. D. They are seldom truly effective.

(B)

In late March of 2018, a tear in the earth about 15 meters wide and 20 meters deep suddenly appeared in Kenya. It cut across roads and even split houses in two. This crack appeared out of nowhere after heavy rains and an increase in seismic (地震的) activity. Some scientists believe that it's further proof that Africa is slowly splitting apart.

Once, a very long time ago, Africa and South America were one landmass before they separated. Similarly, one day in the very distant future, a large part of East Africa will split off from the rest of the continent. This will create a new landmass and a new ocean. The breakup is a result of plate tectonics (板块运动), the gradual motion of different parts of the Earth's crust.

When plates of the Earth separate and tear away from each other, it is called rifting裂缝. The result is a rift valley. Scientists don't understand the exact mechanism behind rifting, but the results are easy to observe in the East African Rift System( EARS). That's why studying this part of the world is so important.

The East African Rift System begins in the north in Ethiopia, where three plates are moving away from each other. Two of them are continental plates, the African and Arabian plates. They are tectonic plates that have a large landmass above water. The third is the Somali plate, considered a minor plate, which is steadily moving away from the other two. But don't plan on visiting the new ocean anytime soon. The plates are moving at a rate of about 6 millimeters a year. At that speed, millions of years will pass before a new ocean is formed.

东非大裂谷系统始于埃塞俄比亚北部，那里的三个板块正在相互远离。其中两个板块是板块，非洲板块和阿拉伯板块。它们是构造板块，在水面上有大片陆地。第三个板块是索马里板块，它被认为是一个小板块，正在稳步远离另外两个板块。但近期内新的海洋。这些板块正以每年约6毫米的速度移动。以这样的速度，数百万年之后才会形成一个新的海洋。

EARS is not all bad news for Kenya. A rift valley is composed of an area where there is increased volcanic activity and thinned planetary crust. This makes it easier to take advantage of the power of steam. For Kenya, this might be an answer to the country's electrical problems. The drought conditions that frequently occur there make it difficult to produce energy. But the geothermal (地热的) power plants going online in 2019 will allow them to produce clean energy with very little water. 60. What can be concluded from the passage?

A. A war will certainly break out in Africa. B. A disaster will suddenly strike Africa.

C. A geological structure will change in Africa. D. A new country will come into being in Africa. 61. Which of the following plates might be surrounded by water according to the passage?

East Africa. B. Somali plate. C. Arabian plate. D. Africa plate. 62. What problem may be solved in Kenya thanks to the cracking?

Poverty. B. Economy. C. Drought. D. Energy.

(C)

5 / 8

上海市宝山区2018届高三上学期期末教学质量监测英语考试试题-讲解稿

Are you worried about money? If so, I have some good news for you. Someone once said, \"If all your problems can be solved with money, then you don't have any. \"I get the point. Unless you are on the edge of losing everything and living in your car (which is a very sad thing that happens to people every day), your perceptions of your problems may not be serving you well. 你对问题的看法可能对你没有好处。 Let's take a look. Can you pay your living expenses and support your family? If so, you are OK. Even if you are a family that just barely breaks even every month, you have to count that as a blessing. 即使你家几乎每个月都收支相抵，你也要把它视为一种祝福。Most of us also have those terrible, surprising unexpected bills. But unless you lose your job or your mind, don't you always find a way to take care of those expenses?

PERTINENT （切中要害的） QUESTIONS

To see if you worry too much about finances, ask yourself a couple of questions. Do you wake up worried about money? Do you check your bank balance and look at upcoming bills more than once every few days or even multiple times a day? If so, then you may have a little financial insecurity going on. Let's look at getting it under control. If it's making you crazy, it can make your family a little crazy too. This type of anxiousness is passed on to others, which is important to remember whenever you have the urge to share your fears.

TOO MUCH INFORMATION

TMI (too much information) happens because it seems that by releasing pent-up（压抑的）feelings of anxiety you will feel better and hopefully more supported. And this can happen, but not with your loved ones because they will take on your fear and magnify it. Talk instead with your financial advisor, your bank manager or your therapist. Laying your financial fears at the feet of your family is not good for them or for you. Yes, be honest about any problems, but if you get emotional, so will those closest to you.

POSITIVE ACTION

It's hard to be dispassionate about money, but honestly, it's really the best way to get this issue solved. You have to look at it from a practical standpoint. Go over your debts, look closely at your assets and determine the best thing for you to do with your time right now.

Maybe you need to use this time to get your books in order on your computer or use it to job hunt or to promote your business. Then again, you may need to hire an accountant and go on some interviews. The point is simple: the only way to relieve yourself of the uncomfortable feeling of financial pressure is to take some kind of positive action. 63. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. Financial problems are not vital ones in everyone's daily life. B. You'd better calm down when you have financial problems.

C. You needn't worry about unexpected bills even if you're out of work. D. When you have financial fears, remember to share feelings with others. . The passage implies that ______.

A. the best way to deal with money problem is to take positive action B. as long as we share feelings with others, money fear will disappear C. we should have an optimistic attitude toward financial fears D. any problem we meet can be solved with the help of money

65. The phrase lay your financial fears at the feet of your family in the sixth paragraph

probably means ______.

A. to solve financial fears caused by your family B. to help your family smartly avoid financial fears C. to make your family responsible for financial fears

D. to encourage your family to face financial fears bravely.

6 / 8

上海市宝山区2018届高三上学期期末教学质量监测英语考试试题-讲解稿

66. The best title of the passage is ______. A. Perceptions of money and value C. Keeping balance of psychology Section C A. Other people experience false guilt because of high expectations for themselves. B. It's possible that you feel guilty because you actually did something wrong. C. Others try to cover up their guilt by blaming others or becoming angry. D. It can also motivate people to avoid making similar mistakes later. E. In this case, it's important to remind yourself that you have limits. F. Moreover, guilt can result in physical and mental discomforts meanwhile. Guilt is one of the most painful emotions that humans experience but also one of the most common. Nobody enjoys feeling guilty, but this emotion serves an important purpose: It alerts a person when he or she has done something wrong.

This enables the person to make amends弥补and work to heal relationships that were damaged by their actions. 67 Nevertheless, guilt can be destructive if it is not dealt with in the right way. It can cause people to avoid others because they are too embarrassed to apologize for their actions or inaction. Some try to avoid the pain of guilt by turning to other worse habits. 68

The proper response to guilt depends on what kind of guilt you're dealing with. For false guilt, it's important to recognize that the guilt does not reflect an actual ethical failure. 对负罪感的正确反应取决于你所面对的是哪种负罪感。对于虚假的罪恶感，重要的是要认识到，罪恶感并不反映实际的道德失败。

For example, some false guilt focuses on falling to meet expectations you had for yourself.

69 No one is perfect, and no one can do everything, so admitting your limits is actually a sign of humility. It's also important to acknowledge what you are feeling. Even when you don't need to feel guilty, these feelings are real and normal. Try to balance them with positive thoughts, but realize that it often takes time for feelings to change.

70 If so, don't try to conceal it. Apologize and ask for forgiveness. Learn from your mistakes, and try to avoid committing the same acts again. Getting on well with the person you hurt should make your guilty feelings fade.

Guilt is painful, but it can serve a good purpose if you use it well. DCEB

B. Passion, money and family D. Dealing with money worries

IV. Summary Writing

Have you ever been involved in an animal rescue? This is what happened to Winter the dolphin. Winter was found off the coast of Florida in December of 2005. She was just a few months old, alone, and caught in a crab trap. The ropes from the trap were wrapped tightly around her body.

The fisherman who found her called for help, and a rescue team soon arrived. The ropes had cut off the blood circulation to her tail. She was badly hurt. Her rescuers didn't think she would survive. Hoping for a miracle and racing against time to save her, the rescuers transferred her to the Clearwater Marine Aquarium in Florida.

The doctors managed to save Winter, but sadly, not her tail. Her tail flukes were too damaged and had to be removed so Winter could live.

The little dolphin Winter survived against all odds, but she would never be able to swim normally without a tail. Thankfully the story doesn't end here. Winter was able to swim, but not very well. Because she didn't have a tail, she moved her body in a side-to-side motion like a shark. But the doctors at the aquarium were worried that the unconventional movement would hurt her spine.

Kevin Carroll heard Winter's story and thought he could help. He is a specialist who designs and provides prostheses

7 / 8

上海市宝山区2018届高三上学期期末教学质量监测英语考试试题-讲解稿

(义肢) for people. If he could help people, why not help a dolphin? He started working with Winter and came up with a solution for a new fluke and tail section.

Kevin designed a stretchy sleeve to fit Winter's body and protect her skin. Then a tail made of silicone and plastic was made to tightly fit over the sleeve. Now Winter can swim like other dolphins. And, she is a great inspiration to people who struggle with their own injuries.

V. Translation

72. 交友时勿以貌取人。(base)

73. 经历了一场大病后，他明白了生命无价。(suffer)

74. 2018上海进口博览会展示了创新理念，促进了自由贸易。(meanwhile)

75. 不管到哪里旅游，都应该尊重当地的风俗习惯。这样才能成为一名文明游客。(no matter)

VI. Guided Writing

尚华中学将举办英语周活动，学校正在向全体学生征集活动方案，题目是“My Favourite Programme”。假设你是尚华中学高三学生王云，请撰写一篇文章提出你的建议。内容如下：  推荐节目名称并简单介绍节目内容

 具体介绍一下推荐节目的实施办法或注意事项 注意：请勿透露本人真实姓名和学校名称。

8 / 8