Finite 限定动词
Predictor 谓语
Subject 主语
Object 宾语
Adjunct 修饰语 ，adverbial （modifier）状语
Complement 补语
Adverbial adjunct ：of distance, duration, weight, cost etc.
Adverbial particle 小品副词: away ,in
Predicative adjunct 表语性状语
She lay / smiling at me .
Object complement 宾语补足语
Predicative complement 补语
（主语补足语，宾语补足语，形容词补足语）
系动词（linking verbs)后补充说明主语或宾语的名词性或形容词性的元素就成为predicative, 又称为complement.
Predicative 表语 eg 主+系+表语
Copular verbs 系动词linking verb
Obligatory adverbial ：必具性状语（即去掉句子意思和结构不完整）
Optional adverbial：非必具性状语（可去掉，用于补充说明）
Attribute 定语 attributive 定语的
Appositive 同位语
Verb patterns：
1. This pattern is for the verb “be”. The subject complement may be a noun, a pronoun, an adjective, an adjective phrase (eg. a prepositional group). There may be an adverbial adjunct or an infinitive phrase
2. This pattern is for verbs which may be used without a complement. Such verbs are called complete intransitive verbs. Adjuncts are possible but not essential.
Eg. We walked (for) two miles.
3.Verbs in this pattern are followed by a preposition and its object (which may be a noun,
pronoun, gerund, phrase, or clause). The verb and preposition function as a unit.
Eg. Can I count on your help?
