厦门大学真题2011年

(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、Part Ⅰ Vocabulary and Structure(总题数：30，分数：15.00)

1.Which sport has the most expenses ______ training equipment, players' personal equipment and uniforms?

A. in place of B. in terms of C. by means of D. by way of

（分数：0.50） A. B. √ C. D.

解析：[解析] 句子的大意为：就训练设备、运动员的个人装备和服装来说，哪项运动花费最多?A项in place of“代替”；B项in terms of“就……而言，在……方面”；C项by means of“凭借……”；D项by way of“用……方法”。所以B项符合题意。

2.All ______ is a steady supply of water to the farmland. A. which needs B. that is needed C. the thing is needed D. need

（分数：0.50） A. B. √ C. D.

解析：[解析] 句子的大意为：所需要的就是对农田用水的稳定供应。本句主语为不定代词all，“that is needed”为主语的定语从句。所以B项符合题意。

3.Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, ______ obtaining water is not the least.

A. for which B. to which C. of which D. in which

（分数：0.50） A. B. C. √ D.

解析：[解析] 句子的大意为：住在澳洲中部的沙漠区会面临很多问题，获取水资源还不是最重要的。which指代前面的problems，of which译为在这些问题当中。所以C项符合题意。

4.What he said just now had little to do with the question ______ discussion. A. on B. in C. under D. at

（分数：0.50） A. B. √ C.

D.

解析：[解析] 句子的大意为：他刚才所说的和正在讨论的问题几乎毫无关联。in discussion属于固定搭配，表示正在讨论。所以B项符合题意。

5.Much ______ her relief and joy, she heared that her son had come back safe and sound. A. to B. for C. with D. as

（分数：0.50） A. √ B. C. D.

解析：[解析] 句子的大意为：令她放松和高兴的是，她听说儿子安然无恙地回来了。to her relief and joy与短语to one's surprise类似，所以A项符合题意。 6.By the time you get to New York, I ______ for London.

A. would be leaving B. am leaving C. have already left D. shall have left

（分数：0.50） A. B. C. D. √

解析：[解析] 句子的大意为：你到纽约的时候，我已经动身前往伦敦了。将来完成时表示在未来的那个时候(即你到纽约的时候)我已经动身前往伦敦了。所以D项符合题意。

7.The fire was finally brought under control, but not ______ extensive damage had been caused. A. before B. since C. after D. as

（分数：0.50） A. √ B. C. D.

解析：[解析] 句子的大意为：火势终于被控制住了，但还是造成了巨大的损失。not before表示“在这之前”，所以A项符合题意。

8.We hadn't met for twenty years, but I recognized her ______ I saw her. A. the moment B. for the moment

C. the moment when D. at the moment when

（分数：0.50） A. √ B. C. D.

解析：[解析] 句子的大意为：我们已经20年没见了，但是我一见她就认出了她。the moment等于as soon as，所以A项符合题意。

9.The ______ of finding gold in California attracted a lot of people to settle down there. A. prospects B. speculations C. stakes D. provisions

（分数：0.50） A. B. √ C. D.

解析：[解析] 句子的大意为：在加州能发现黄金的推测吸引了很多人到那定居。A项prospect“前途，预期，景色”；B项speculations“推测，投机，思索，投机买卖”；C项stakes“桩，棍子，赌注，火刑，奖金”；D项provisions“规定，条款，准备，供应品”。所以B项符合题意。

10.At 7 o'clock tomorrow evening, I ______ a walk in the neighbourhood. So you won't find me at home then.

A. shall take B. will take C. shall be taking D. am taking

（分数：0.50） A. B. C. √ D.

解析：[解析] 句子的大意为：明天早上七点，我会在附近散步，所以那时你在家找不到我。此句给出了具体的时间点，说的是将来正在进行的动作，所以用将来进行时，C项符合题意。 11.Helen ______ into the river but that I caught her. A. had fallen B. would fall C. fell D. would have fallen

（分数：0.50） A. B. C. D. √

解析：[解析] 句子的大意为：要不是我抓住海伦，她已经掉进河里了。本句为虚拟语气，I caught her是过去的事实，因此前面的“掉进河里”是一个跟过去相反的事实，相当于If I hadn't caught her，she would have fallen into the river。所以D项符合题意。 12.She ought not ______ him about the truth, but she did. A. to tell B. telling C. to have told D. having told

（分数：0.50） A. B. C. √ D.

解析：[解析] 句子的大意为：她不应该告诉他事实，但是她却告诉了。ought not to have done=shouldn't have done本不应该做某事，但实际上做了。所以C项符合题意。

13.However, at times this balance in nature is ______, resulting in a number of possibly unforeseen effects.

A. troubled B. disturbed C. confused D. puzzled

（分数：0.50） A. B. √ C. D.

解析：[解析] 句子的大意为：然而，自然界的这种平衡有时会被打乱，这将造成许多可能无法预料的后果。A项troubled“麻烦”；B项disturbed“弄乱，打扰，妨碍，使不安”；C项confused“(人)困惑”；D项puzzled“迷惑”。所以B项符合题意。

14.There has been a great increase in retail sales, ? A. does there B. isn't there C. hasn't there D. isn't it

（分数：0.50） A. B. C. √ D.

解析：[解析] 句子的大意为：零售业有很大的增长，是吗?hasn't there与前面的there has been一致。所以C项符合题意。

15.He soon received promotion, for his superiors realized that he was a man of considerable ______. A. ability B. future C. possibility D. opportunity

（分数：0.50） A. √ B. C. D.

解析：[解析] 句子的大意为：他很快得以提升，因为他的上司意识到他是个极有能力的人。A项ability“能力，才能”；B项future“将来，未来，前途”；C项possibility“可能，可能性”；D项opportunit“机会，时机”。所以A项符合题意。

16.The neighborhood boys like to play basketball on that ______ lot. A. valid B. vain C. vacant D. vague

（分数：0.50） A. B. C. √ D.

解析：[解析] 句子的大意为：附近的男孩爱到那块空地上打篮球。A项valid“有效的，有充分根据的”；B项vain“无益的，徒然的，自负的”；C项vacant“空的，未被占用的，空虚的”；D项vague“不清楚的，含糊的，茫然的”。所以C项符合题意。

17.Each person's genetic code is unique except ______ identical twins. A. in case of B. in the case of C. the point in case D. a case of

（分数：0.50） A. B. √ C. D.

解析：[解析] 句子的大意为：除了同卵双胞胎以外，每个人的基因密码都是独有的。in the case of为固定短语，所以B项符合题意。

18.It is useful to be able to predict the extent ______ which a price change will affect supply and demand.

A. from B. with C. to D. for

（分数：0.50） A. B. C. √ D.

解析：[解析] 句子的大意为：能够预测对供求关系造成影响的价格变化的范围是非常有用的。在这个从句中which指代了extent，所以这个介词相当于是放在extent前面，那么在以下的选项中可以和extent连用的，只有C项to了。

19.He hoped the firm would ______ him to the Paris branch. A. exchange B. transmit C. transfer D. remove

（分数：0.50） A. B. C. √ D.

解析：[解析] 句子的大意为：他希望公司能派他去巴黎分部。A项exchange“交换，交易，兑换”；B项transmit“传输，传播，发射，传达”；C项transfer“调任，使转移”；D项remove“移动，迁移”。所以C项符合题意。

20.He wrote an article criticizing the Greek poet and won ______ and a scholarship. A. faith B. status C. fame D. courage

（分数：0.50） A. B. C. √ D.

解析：[解析] 句子的大意为：他写了一篇文章批评希腊诗歌，由此出了名，并获得了奖金。A项faith“忠诚”；B项status“身份，地位，情形”；C项fame“名声，名望”；D项courage“勇气，精神”。所以C项符合题意。

21.The association works to promote the ______ of retired people as active and useful members of the community.

A. action B. aspect C. location D. status

（分数：0.50） A. B. C. D. √

解析：[解析] 句子的大意为：该协会致力于提升退休人员的地位，使他们成为社区活跃的和有用的成员。A项action“行动，活动”；B项aspect“方面，方向”；C项location“位置，地点”；D项status“状况，地位，情形，重要身份”。所以D项符合题意。

22.Everyone should be ______ to a decent standard of living and an opportunity to be educated. A. attributed B. entitled C. identified D. justified

（分数：0.50） A. B. √ C. D.

解析：[解析] 句子的大意为：每个人都应该有获得优雅生活和受教育机会的权利。A项attributed“归于”；B项entitled“给……权利”；C项identified“鉴定，辨认”；D项justified“调整”。所以B项符合题意。

23.I wish I ______ to the movies with you last night. A. have gone B. could go C. could have gone D. went

（分数：0.50） A. B. C. √ D.

解析：[解析] 句子的大意为：我真希望昨晚我和你去看电影了。这里用could have done表示本来能做什么，结果却没有做，所以C项符合题意。

24.All flights ______ because of the storm, they decided to take the train. A. having canceled B. having been canceled C. were canceled D. have been canceled

（分数：0.50） A. B. √ C. D.

解析：[解析] 句子的大意为：所有航班都因为风暴取消了，所以他们决定乘火车。此句为主格结构，相当于with all fights having been cancelled，fights和cancel之间关系为被动，排除A、C，如果答案为D，句中的标点应为句号。所以B项符合题意。

25.The ______ action of the policemen saved the people in the house from being burnt. A. supreme B. significant C. prompt D. vital

（分数：0.50） A. B. C. √ D.

解析：[解析] 句子的大意为：迅速的行动救了房子中的人，使他们免受烧伤。A项supreme“最高的，至高的，最重要的”；B项significant“重大的，有效的，有意义的”；C项prompt“及时的，迅速的，敏捷的”；D项vital“至关重要的，生死攸关的，有活力的”。所以C项符合题意。 26.There seems to be no alternative but ______ the offer. A. accept B. to accept

C. accepting D. having accepted

（分数：0.50） A. B. √ C. D.

解析：[解析] 句子的大意为：似乎没有选择，只能接受这个提议。There seems to be no alternative but后加to加动词原形为固定句型。所以B项符合题意。

27.John Dewey believed that education should be a preparation for 1ire, that a person learns by doing, and that teaching must ______ the curiosity and creativity of children. A. seek B. stimulate C. shape D. secure

（分数：0.50） A. B. √ C. D.

解析：[解析] 句子的大意为：约翰·杜威认为教育应该是为生活做准备的；一个人通过实践学习；教学必须激发孩子的好奇心和创造力。A项seek“寻找，探索”；B项stimulate“刺激，激励”；C项shape“塑造，制作”；D项secure“关紧，保卫”。所以B项符合题意。

28.If I had a car of my own, I ______ it to your sister yesterday. A. will lend B. would lend C. should lend D. would have lent

（分数：0.50） A. B. C. D. √

解析：[解析] 句子的大意为：如果我自己有车，昨天我就借给你妹妹了。此句为虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，所以D项符合题意。

29.It is sometimes claimed that America is a ______ pot of different races. A. burning B. burnt C. melting D. melted

（分数：0.50） A. B. C. √ D.

解析：[解析] 句子的大意为：时不时会出现美国是一个不同民族大熔炉的说法。这里不含被动意味，排除B、D，熔炉固定说法用melting，不用burning，所以C项符合题意。

30.He had scarcely left the railway station ______ it started to rain. A. than B. then C. when D. since

（分数：0.50） A. B. C. √ D.

解析：[解析] 句子的大意为：他刚离开火车站，天就开始下雨了。when在这里等于at that time。所以C项符合题意。

二、Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(总题数：0，分数：0.00) 三、Section A(总题数：3，分数：30.00)

Very old people do raise moral problems for almost everyone who comes in contact with them. Their values—this can't be repeated too often—are not necessarily our values. Physical comfort, cleanness and order are necessarily the most important things. The social services from time to time find themselves faced with a flat with decaying food covered by small worms, and an old person lying alone on bed, taking no notice of the worms. But is it interfering with personal freedom to insist that they go to live with some of their relatives so that they might be taken better care of ? Some social workers, the ones who clear up the worms, think we are in danger of carrying this concept of personal freedom to the point where serious risks are being taken with the health and safety of the old.

Indeed, the old can be easily hurt or harmed. The body is like a car, it needs more mechanical maintenance as it gets older. You can carry this comparison right through to the provision of spare parts. But never forget that such operations are painful experiences, however good the results. And at what point should you cease to treat the old body? Is it morally right to try to push off death by pursuing the development of drugs to excite the forgetful old mind and to activate the old body, knowing that it is designed to die? You cannot ask doctors or scientists to decide, because so long as they can see the technical opportunities, they will feel bound to give them a try on the principle that while there's life, there's hope. ?

When you talk to the old people, however, you are forced to the conclusion that whether age is happy or unpleasant depends less on money or on health than it does on your ability to have sun.

（分数：10.00）

(1).It is implied in Paragraph 1 that ______. A. very old people enjoy living with their relatives B. social services have nothing to do with very old people

C. very old people would like to live alone so that they can have more personal freedom D. very old people are able to keep their rooms very clean（分数：2.00） A. B. C. √ D.

解析：[解析] 本题考查推理判断能力。根据文中第一段第五句“But it is interfering with personal freedom to insist that…”可知，老年人喜欢独自生活，这样他们有更多的自由，所以答案为C。 (2).Some social workers think that ______.

A. health and safety are more important than personal freedom B. personal freedom is more important than health and safety C. old people should keep their rooms clean

D. one should not take the risk of dealing with old people（分数：2.00） A. √ B. C. D.

解析：[解析] 本题考查推理能力。根据第一段最后一句“Some social workers…think we are in danger of carrying this concept of personal freedom to the point where serious risks are being taken with the health and safety of the old．”可知，一些社会工作者认为，如果我们这样理解个人自由的话是很危险的，这对老人的健康和安全是一种危险。暗含的意思是：这些社会工作者认为身体健康和生命安全比个人自由更重要，所以答案为A。 (3).In the author's opinion, ______. A. the human body can't be compared to a car B. the older a person, the more care he needs

C. too much emphasis has been put on old people's values

D. it is easy to provide spare parts for old people（分数：2.00） A. √ B. C. D.

解析：[解析] 本题考查推理判断能力。根据文章第二段第四句“But never forget that such operations are painful experiences，however good the results．”可知，作者虽然把身体比喻成一辆汽车，当它变老时需要机械维护。但汽车是无生命的，而人的身体是有强烈感受的，所以不能像更换汽车零件那样更换人的身体组织，在这点上人体与汽车有着严格的不同。由此我们可以看出，人体不能与汽车相比才是作者的真实观点。所以答案为A。

(4).The word \"it\" in the last paragraph refers to ______. A. the conclusion you have come to B. your talk to the old people

C. whether age is happy or unpleasant D. one's money or one's health（分数：2.00） A. B. C. √ D.

解析：[解析] 本题考查词义猜测。根据文章最后一段“When you talk to the old people，however，you are forced to the conclusion that whether age is happy or unpleasant depends less on money or on health than it does on your ability to have sun．”可知，“it”应指“whether age is happy or unpleasant”，因为这里由“that”一词引导的同位语从句是两个比较句，这两个比较句的句子结构应是相同的，主语都应是“whether”一词引导的主语从句。

(5).The author thinks that ______.

A. medical decisions for old people should be left to the doctors B. old people can enjoy a happy life only if they are very rich

C. the opinion that we should try every means possible to save old people is doubtful D. it is always morally right to treat old people and push off death（分数：2.00） A. B. C. √ D.

解析：[解析] 本题考查推理能力。此文主要说明我们在对待老人的问题上存在着两难选择：尊重他们的自由就顾及不了他们的健康；极力挽救他们的生命就要让他们忍受巨大的肉体痛苦。两难选择的根本原因就是文中第一段所交代的：老人的价值观与我们的价值观不同。所以作者对用所有可能的方法去挽救老年人的生命这一观点是持怀疑态度的。

The loudest outcry (呐喊) about poverty seemed to come in the wealthiest country—by far—in the world. According to most calculations, through most of the 1945—1970 period the United States had a standard of living well above Europe's and many times above the world average. Yet protests about grinding poverty, hunger, and dreadful need proceed more from the United States than from countries with one-fortieth of their living standard. (An annual per capita income of eight dollars is typical of much of Africa and Asia and not a little of South America. ) It would seem strange to these people (were they only aware of the fact) that American radicals demand a retreat from an American commitment to the far corners of the globe so that the money thus saved can be spent raising the standard of living of underprivileged Americans.

What this last point suggests is not so much that human wants are never to be satisfied though this is doubtlessly true, and the American living in suburb deprived of his second car and his color TV suffers just as acutely as an African farmer in need of a second cow and a screen door. Rather, it suggests the extent of contemporary breach (违反) of social norm (标准) —the emancipation () of the individual self. People have learned that their wants are sacred and rights ought to be satisfied. They have learned to consider any obstacle to personal fulfillment and intolerable insult. They have greatly expanded the circle of self-awareness. They no longer accept sharp limitations on individual desires in the name of the group. The amount of potential human discontent has always been infinite—misery, failure, misfitting, bitterness, hatred, envy beyond telling. It has usually failed of utterance, and in the past it was accepted passively as being beyond help.

（分数：10.00）

(1).According to the passage, most complaints over a poor living standard were made by those who came from ______.

A. the United States B. Asian countries

C. the European Community D. Commonwealth of Nations（分数：2.00） A. √ B. C. D.

解析：[解析] 本题考查细节。根据文中第一段前三句话可知，对贫穷的呐喊来自世界上最富有的国家，1945-1970年期间，美国的生活水平在欧洲和世界平均水平之上，但是对赤贫、饥饿的却最多。所以A项符合题意。

(2).The average income for each American a year during the 1960s was most likely in the neighborhood of ______.

A. 1120 dollars B. 40 dollars C. 320 dollars D. 80 dollars（分数：2.00）

A. B. C. √ D.

解析：[解析] 本题是细节推断题。根据第一段内容可知，20世纪五六十年代亚非及南美一些国家人均年收入为8美元，是美国的1/40，所以美国的人均收入大约为320美元。

(3).In order to improve the standard of living of poor Americans, the extremists in the States demand ______.

A. a full tax relief on citizen living overseas B. a stop to arm race against nations far away C. a cut in financial assistance to poor countries

D. a favorable balance of trade with foreign countries（分数：2.00） A. B. C. √ D.

解析：[解析] 本题考查推断能力。根据第一段最后一句话可知，美国激进分子要求美国收回承诺，退到世界上最远的角落，以便省下的钱可以花在提高贫困美国人的生活标准上面。这就是说减少美国对世界其他国家的资助。所以C项符合题意。

(4).The real cause for the most fortunate people to protest about poverty lies in ______. A. added consciousness of self B. their economic status

C. limitations of human nature D. conflict in class interests（分数：2.00） A. √ B. C. D.

解析：[解析] 本题考查细节推理。根据第二段中的“They have greatly expanded the circle of self-awareness．”可知，人们已经大大扩展了自我意识的范畴，很多幸福的人也贫穷是出于自我意识的提高。所以A项符合题意。

(5).From the last sentence, it can be safely inferred that outcry about poverty in effect involves peoples' ______.

A. ability to suffer a hard life B. understanding of their rights

C. political attitude toward the government

D. whole outlook on different life styles（分数：2.00） A. B. √ C. D.

解析：[解析] 本题是细节题。根据文章最后一句话“It has usually failed of utterance，and in the past it was accepted passively as being beyond help．”可知，人们对很多事情都是被动接受的，所以要提高人们对自身权利的理解，所以B选项符合题意。

The more time scientists spend designing computers the more they marvel at the human brain. Tasks that baffle (难住) the most advanced supercomputer—recognizing a face, reading a handwritten note—are child's play for the 3-pound organ. Most important, unlike any conventional computer, the brain can learn from its mistakes. Researchers have tried for years to program computers to imitate the brain's abilities, but without success. Now a growing number of designers believe they have the answer: if a computer is to function more like a person and less like an over-grown calculator, it must be built more like a brain, which distributes information across a vast

interconnected web of nerve cells, or neurons.

Conventional computers function by following a chainlike sequence of detailed instructions. Although very fast, their processors can perform only one task at a time. This approach works best in solving problems that can be broken down into simpler logical pieces. The processors in a neural-network computer, by contrast, form a network much like the nerve cells in the brain. Since these artificial neurons are interconnected, they can share information and perform tasks at the same time. This two-dimensional approach works best at recognizing patterns. Instead of programming a neural-network computer to make decisions, its maker trains it to recognize patterns in any solution to a problem by repeatedly feeding examples to the machine. Neural networks come in all shapes and sizes. Until now most exist as software simulations (模拟品) because redesigning computer chips took a lot of time and money. By experimenting with different approaches through software rather than hardware, scientists have been able to avoid costly mistakes.

（分数：10.00）

(1).It can be inferred from the first paragraph that the most advanced supercomputer ______. A. can recognize a face and read a handwritten note B. can learn from its mistakes C. weighs only 3 pounds

D. cannot distribute information across an interconnected web of nerve cells（分数：2.00） A. B. C. D. √

解析：[解析] 本题考查推理能力。根据文章第一段最后一句“if a computer is to function more like a person and less like an over—grown calculator，it must be built more like a brain，which distributes information across a vast interconnected web of nerve cells，or neurons”可知，人脑可通过巨大的神经细胞或神经元互联网络传输信息，但最先进的超级计算机却不行，所以D项正确。 (2).What is NOT true of a conventional computer? A. It must be programmed before it works. B. It can only solve one problem at a time. C. It is good at solving one problem at a time.

D. It is trained to recognize patterns instead of making decisions.（分数：2.00） A. B. C. D. √

解析：[解析] 本题考查细节。根据第三段“Instead of programming a neural-network computer to make decisions，its maker trains it to recognize patterns in any solution to a problem by repeatedly feeding examples to the machine．”可知，被训练来识别所有解决问题的方法的程序是神经网络计算机，而不是传统的计算机，所以D项说法与原文不符。

(3).The main feature of a neural-network computer is that ______. A. its processors act as an interconnected web of neurons B. it is programmed to make decisions C. its networks are of all shapes and sizes D. its neurons are artificial（分数：2.00） A. √ B. C.

D.

解析：[解析] 本题考查细节。根据文中第二段中的“The processors in a neural-network computer，by contrast，form a network much like the nerve cells in the brain．”可知，神经网络计算机处理器形成的网络更像人脑中的神经细胞，所以A项符合题意。

(4).The expression \"this two-dimensional approach\" in the second paragraph refers to ______. A. the conventional computer and the neural computer B. making decisions and recognizing patterns C. sharing information and performing tasks D. the computer and the human brain（分数：2.00） A. B. C. √ D.

解析：[解析] 本题考查推理能力。根据文章第二段中的“Since these artificial neurons are interconnected，they can share information and perform tasks at the same time．”可知，this two-dimensional approach指share information和perform tasks，所以C项符合题意。 (5).Scientists use software rather than hardware in their experiments because ______. A. it can avoid redesigning computer chips B. it can save a lot of time and money C. it can avoid making mistakes

D. it is more like the human brain（分数：2.00） A. B. √ C. D.

解析：[解析] 本题考查细节。根据文章最后一句话“By experimenting with different approaches through software rather than hardware， scientists have been able to avoid costly mistakes．”可知，科学家用软件而不是硬件做实验是为了节省金钱，所以B项符合题意。

四、Section B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)

Barbie Dolls

Flashy clothes, the perfect boyfriend, a Corvette, Ferrari, full size apartment with beautiful furniture and boat. She's the woman who has everything and every year receives more. Since her introduction in 1959, the Barbie doll may be the most influential icon of American culture in the late twentieth century.

(1) She attracted little girls because of her adult-like features. Before this, children looked at toys like Yogi Bear, Howdy Doody, and baby dolls for inspiration. With the creation of Barbie, girls now had a new toy to stimulate their imaginations.

In the 1950s most women stayed at home, cooking, cleaning and caring for their children; they didn't parade around in tight little skirts and high heels. The Barbie doll represented independence and glamour: she could sing solos in the spotlight one minute and pilot an airplane the next. She was exciting and completely different from the clinging Betsy Westsys and Chatty Cathys that little girls were used to.

In Forever Barbie: The Unauthorized Biography of a Real Doll, M. G. Lord tells the story of Barbie's

creators. Ruth Handler, the youngest of ten siblings (同胞), worked as a stenographer for Paramount Pictures as a young woman. Her husband Elliott designed light fixtures and studied art. (2) The Handlers began the factory in their garage but quickly expanded until they had hired a hundred workers who made jewelry and decorative items. World War II shortages of labor soon put them out of business.

Despite their first failure, the Handlers didn't give up and, in 1945, they joined with Harold Matson, a former worker, and together the three started \"Mattel Creations\" . Matson's last name along with Elliot's was fused together to form the name Mattel.

In 1946, Matson sold out his share. The Handlers were not discouraged, though, because of their strong belief in futuristic materials such as Plexiglas, Lucite and plastic. They continued looking for the perfect item to make their company a success. Little did they know that their persistence would lead them to establish a multi-million company initiated by the revolutionary Barbie doll.

Ruth Handler first encountered the model for Barbie in 1955 while vacationing in Switzerland with her family. The Lilli doll, a comic character from Germany, was usually found in tobacco stores as a three dimensional (三维的) pinup (挂在墙上的照片，玩偶等). Ruth brought back two dolls, one for her daughter Barbara, and one for herself.

(3) Handler recalls: \"Through their play Barbara imagined their lives as adults. They used the dolls to reflect the adult world around them. They would sit and carry on conversations, making the dolls real people. I thought if only we could take this play pattern and three dimensionalize it, we would have something very special. \"

Barbie debuted at the American Toy Fair in New York City in the winter of 1959. But in her unseasonable black-and-white striped swimsuit, the doll did not impress toy buyers. Even Sears, Mattel's biggest customer, refused to put the sexy doll on their shelves. Lord says it was Mattel's advertising strategy aimed at the children that finally paved the way for Barbie's success. The 1950s was a big decade for child culture. Disneyland had opened in July of 1955, and Walt Disney's Mickey Mouse Club television series was a hit for children under the age of 12. Manufacturers and retailers had aimed toy advertising at parents in the past with the focus during Christmas season. But once children actually saw toys advertised on television, toys became a big business. Television advertisements with the child-as-a-consumer revolutionized the toy industry in the twentieth century.

Barbie was a fantasy. In a border city it was rare to encounter a white, blue-eyed person. \"Maybe that's why I was so attracted to her.\" Most little girls couldn't wait to get their hands on Barbie because they had never encountered a doll with such an enormous wardrobe.

Angela Loya, an engineer and Barbie collector from Houston, idolized Barbie because of her independence. She said in an interview, \"Barbie was designed for women by women. It taught us what was expected from us by society. She had it all.., the clothes, the boyfriend and whatever career she wanted. She was the symbol of post-war female independence. \"

(4) Lord quotes Ruth Handler as saying, \"Pregnancy(怀孕) would never be part of Barbie's physique, because Barbie would not compromise her freedom. Just as she did not depend on parents, she would not have offspring dependent on her. \"

Barbie's sexy image also raised questions among both children and parents. Many parents still did not talk about sex to their children and naked baby dolls usually did not spark great interest. Barbie dolls changed this.

Some 700 million Barbie dolls have been sold since 1959 in over 140 countries. Yearly sales exceeded the $1 billion mark in 1995. Retail experts estimate that the typical American girl owns an average of eight Barbie dolls. And the doll has her own Hall of Fame in Palo Alto, California, where a collection of over 20, 000 Barbies awaits visitors.

(5) A child's imagination can take Barbie anywhere. She easily can be a doctor by simply converting her hot pink kitchen into an operating room. Tissue boxes and packing cartons make great furniture and apartment complexes. A child really doesn't need the fancy cars or doll houses to make her dreams come alive: all that is really needed is an imagination.

A. Barbie's biographer reminds us that she was not defined through relationships of responsibility to men or family.

B. Barbie, named after the Handlers' daughter, has become the quintessential (典型的) American doll.

C. Barbie's success may be attributed to the focus on children as consumers for the first time. D. A second contributing factor to the realization of this doll evolved from Ruth watching her daughter and friends play with paper dolls.

E. In 1937, they had moved from Colorado to California where they gambled their life savings on a plan to build Plexiglas furniture.

（分数：10.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：C）

解析：第一段结尾说，自从1959年芭比娃娃被引进后，她可能就成了20世纪晚期美国文化最有影响力的标志。紧接上文，第二段开头说的应该是芭比娃娃取得的成功，所以C项符合题意。 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：E）

解析：空格后是说汉德勒夫妇在车库里开办了工厂，空格处内容也应该和开工厂有关，对比剩下的选项，因此只有E项符合题意。

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：D）

解析：空格后提到芭芭拉通过游戏把自己和朋友想象为成人，所以空格处内容也应该和芭芭拉玩游戏有关，剩下的选项中只有D项提到芭芭拉和朋友一起玩纸娃娃，该项符合文意。 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：A）

解析：空格后提到怀孕绝不会成为芭比体形的一部分，在常人看来，怀孕是女人对男人和家庭的责任，所以A项符合题意。

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：B）

解析：空格后提到芭比娃娃可以转换角色，很容易成为一名医生，和剩下的B选项中的典型的美国娃娃相互对应。

五、Part Ⅲ Short Answer Questions(总题数：1，分数：10.00)

Although credit cards are becoming a more acceptable part of the financial scene, they are still regarded with suspicion by many as being a major part of the \"live now pay later\" syndrome (综合征) . Along with hire-purchase, rental and leasing schemes, they provide encouragement to spend more money. Of course, it is only the foolhardy who yield (屈服) to the temptation to live, temporarily at least, beyond their means, and such people would no doubt manage to do so even without credit cards.

Advertising campaigns have, however, promoted a growing realization of the advantages of these small pieces of plastic. They obviate need to carry large amounts of cash and are always useful in emergencies. All the credit card organizations charge interest on a monthly basis which may work out as high as 25 per cent a year, yet judicious purchasing using a card can mean that you obtain up to seven weeks, interest-free credit. Using the card abroad, where items frequently take a long time to be included on your account, can extend this period even further. It is worthwhile shopping around before deciding on a particular credit card. It is necessary to consider the amount of credit granted; interest rates, which may vary slightly; the number and range of outlets, though most cards cover major garages, hotels, restaurants and department stores; and, of course, what happens if your card is lost or stolen. A credit card thief may be sitting on a potential goldmine particularly if there is a delay in reporting the loss of the card.

However, if used wisely, a credit card can cost nothing, or at least help to tide you over a period of financial difficulty.

（分数：10.00）

(1).What is the main idea of the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(People still have suspicion on credit card．)

解析：[解析] 第一段内容主要介绍了虽然信用卡越来越普及，但许多人依然心存疑虑，怀疑信用卡致使很多人过入不敷出的日子。

(2).What can be the title for this passage?（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(How to use credit cards correctly?)

解析：[解析] 文中主要讲了信用卡的好处、如何选择信用卡、如何使用信用卡，这都是在提醒我们如何正确使用信用卡。

(3).What else do you mean by judicious purchasing using a card?（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(You obtain up to seven weeks，interest-free credit．)

解析：[解析] 解答此题可根据第二段中的“All the credit card organizations charge interest on a monthly basis which may work out as high as 25 per cent a year，yet judicious purchasing using a card can mean that you obtain up to seven weeks，interest-free credit．” (4).What happened if your card is lost or stolen?（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(A credit card thief may use your card．)

解析：[解析] 根据文章第三段最后一句“A credit card thief may be sitting on a potential goldmine particularly if there is a delay in reporting the loss of the card．”可知，一旦你的卡丢失，信用卡窃贼可能会盗用你的卡。

(5).What does the phrase \"tide over\" in the last paragraph mean?（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(to support through a difficult period)

解析：[解析] 最后一段主要讲信用卡能帮助持卡人暂时度过经济难关。tide over“克服，度过，度过困难时期”，英文解释为to support through a difficult period。

六、Part Ⅳ English-Chinese Translation(总题数：1，分数：15.00)

Scientists are searching for ways to destroy nuclear weapons in space—to make nuclear weapons powerless and no longer useful. This has become known as \"Star Wars\". (1) Supporters of the Star Wars defense system hope that this would not only protect a nation against an actual nuclear attack, but would be enough of a threat to keep a nuclear war from ever happening.

(2) Opponents of Star Wars are worried that a system might introduce nuclear weapons into outer space and might not completely protect the nation against attack. Some missiles might \"leak through\" the Star Wars defenses. Or the computers that run the system might not work properly. Such a defense system, they say, might also be used to attack others. And it might not stop the buildup of ground-based nuclear weapons.

Hopefully, a nuclear war will never begin. But, in such an event, could people really protect themselves? Supporters of Star Wars believe that laser weapons are the key to defense. (3) But can laser beams be developed in such a way to destroy attacking missiles in space? Lasers are not new. They have been around for over 25 years. They involve the following process: (4) Atoms of certain substances are stimulated, or excited, by a burst of energy from outside. The excited atoms then produce waves of light. These light waves travel up and down a laser rod and excite, or stimulate, other atoms. When a particular energy level is reached, the laser rod produces a strong, narrow beam of radiation. Most lasers give off visible light, but they can be built to produce heat radiation or even X-ray radiation.

Because of the intensity and narrowness of their beams, lasers can be put to thousands of uses. Laser beams have been bounced off the moon. They can cut through diamond or steel. They are used by doctors for delicate surgery—such as repairing damaged eyes. And lasers are also used as weapons. (5) They can give artillery an accuracy as sharp as the point of a pin. They can also

\"blind\" electronic systems in planes, tanks and ships. This means that those electronic systems can no longer effectively find and destroy their targets.

（分数：15.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(星球大战防御系统的支持者们希望这不仅能保护一个国家使其免于遭受真正的核打击，而且还足以形成一种威慑，使得核战争永远不会发生。) 解析：

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(而星球大战计划的反对者则担心此系统可能导致核武器进入外层空间，而且也无法完全保护国家免受核武器的攻击。) 解析：

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(但是，能否把激光光束发展到可以在大气中摧毁行进中的导弹呢?) 解析：

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(某些物质的原子受到外界突然爆发的能量的刺激或激发，于是，这些受激原子产生光波。) 解析：

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(它们可以使大炮射击的误差小到大头针针尖那样的程度。它们还可以“弄瞎”飞机、坦克、军舰上的电子系统。) 解析：

七、Part Ⅴ Writing(总题数：1，分数：20.00)

31.Some people think that a sense of competition in children should be encouraged. Others believe that children who are taught to co-operate rather than compete become more useful adults. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. You should write at least 250 words.

You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence.

（分数：20.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(

On Competition and Cooperation

In our society, competition is a common phenomenon. When it comes to competition and cooperation, some people always emphasize competition but neglect cooperation. It is often believed that competition and cooperation are in opposition to each other. Their reasons are as following. To begin with, they believe only competition can help them defeat their counterparts; in addition, they think competition is the only way to lead to success.

But some others hold different opinion. They think cooperation is as important as competition. They advocate cooperation whatever they do. They are of the opinion that the dependence of people on one another has increased, without which the society we live in cannot keep going smoothly. They base their opinion on the following reasons: on one hand, cooperation can build trust between each other and help to bring long-term relationship; on the other hand, cooperation can turn a small and weak business into a big and strong one.

As far as I'm concerned, I do not agree with the view that competition and cooperation are always in conflict with each other. In my opinion, while advocating competition, we should never forget

cooperation. In our social life, cooperation is especially necessary because most work is fulfilled with or through other people. So I've come to the conclusion that cooperation is equally important. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that both competition and cooperation are essential to success and thus should be emphasized at the same time.) 解析：