动词ed形式作定语表语宾语补⾜语和状语
动词-ed形式作定语，表语，宾语补⾜语和状语⼀、动词-ed形式作定语
过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧, 渐渐地成为⼀个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词(the Participle Adjective), 实际上相当于⼀个单纯的形容词, 除表⽰“完成”的动作之外, 还表⽰“被动”的意义。如：
spoken English (英语⼝语)；iced beer (冰冻啤酒)；cooked food (熟⾷); fried chips (炸⼟⾖条);
但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表⽰“完成”的动作, ⽽不表⽰“被动”意义。如: boiled water(开⽔); fallen leaves(落叶) ; therisen sun(升起的太阳)等。
(1)前置定语单个的动词-ed形式,⼀般放在被修饰的名词的前⾯, 作前置定语。
The excited people rushed into building. 激动的⼈们冲进⼤楼。(=the people who were excited)Lost time can never be found again．虚度的时光, ⽆法挽回。(=time which is lost)(2)后置定语①少数单个动词的-ed形式, 如left等, 只能作后置定语。1. Everything used should be marked．所有⽤过的东西应该做好标记。2. Among the invited were some ladies．被邀请的⼈中, 有些是⼥⼠。3. The books left are for my students．剩下的书是给我的学⽣的。
②动词-ed形式短语作定语时, 通常要放在被修饰的名词的后⾯, 在意思上相当于⼀个定语从句。及物动词的过去分词作定语⽤来表⽰被动,可改为带被动语态的定语从句;不及物动词的过去分词(仅限于单个过去分词,且不能后置)则表⽰完成,可改为带有完成时态的定语从句。
1. Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活动吗? (=that has been planned for tonight)
2. The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success．这次会议有很多⼈出席, 开得很成功。(=which was attended bya lot of people)
3.We drank some boiled water (=which had boiled )and went on with our work.我们喝了⼀些开⽔后就继续⼯作。注意: 这⾥的过去分词的逻辑主语应是被修饰的词, 改为定语从句时关系代词应与之⼀致。
⼆、动词-ed形式作表语过去分词作表语并⽆“完成”或“被动”之意，⽽是表⽰主语的状态或思想感情等。如：He looked worried after reading the letter．看完信后, 他显得很忧虑。
When we heard of it, we were deeply moved．当我们听到这件事时, 被深深地感动了。He seemed quite delighted at the idea．听到这个想法, 他似乎很⾼兴。常见的作表语的过去分词有:
amused(愉快的)；broken(碎了的)；closed(关闭的)；astonished(吃惊的)；crowded(拥挤的)；experienced(有经验的);
delighted(⾼兴的)；lost(丢失的)；gone(遗失的)；disappointed(失望的)；worried(担忧的)；interested(感兴趣的) tired(疲劳的)pleased(⾼兴的)；satisfied(满意的)；surprised(吃惊的); married(已婚的)；known(著名的) 等等三、动词-ed形式作宾语补⾜语
能⽤作宾语补⾜语的过去分词⼀般都是及物动词,表⽰被动意义或已完成意义,有时候两者兼⽽有之。作宾语补⾜语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。
She found the door broken in when she came back．她回来时发现有⼈破门⽽⼈。My grandfather had his old house rebuilt．我爷爷找⼈重修了⼀下他的旧房⼦。少数不及物动词的过去分词⽤作宾补时, 强调动作完成后的状态.
They found all the guests gone when they woke up. 当他们醒来时, 发现所有的客⼈都⾛了。
动词-ed形式作宾语补⾜语的基本⽤法
动词的-ed形式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补⾜语”句型中充当宾语补⾜语。在这⼀结构中, 动词-ed形式和它前⾯的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句⼦改为被动语态,原来的宾语补⾜语变成了主语补⾜语。1. I must get my bike repaired．我必须请⼈修理⾃⾏车。(宾语补⾜语)
2. The girl was found beaten black and blue．⼈们发现那⼥孩被打得青⼀块紫⼀块。(主语补⾜语)
(1)动词-ed形式可作表⽰感觉和⼼理状态的动词的宾语补⾜语,这类动词包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose,consider等。
We thought the game lost．我们认为球赛输了。
I have never heard him spoken ill of others.我从未听过有⼈说他的坏话。They considered the matter settled．他们认为这问题解决了。
(2) 动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补⾜语, 这类动词包括make, get, have, keep, leave, hold等。I have my hair cut once a month．我每个⽉理⼀次发。
He was trying to make himself understood．他正努⼒使别⼈听懂⾃⼰。“have+宾语+done”结构有三个含义：
①(请⼈)把某事做完。She had her house repaired．她请⼈把屋⼦修好了。Where did you have your hair cut? 你在哪⼉理的发?
②遭遇某种意外情况。He had his hat blown away on his way home．在回家的路上他的帽⼦被吹掉了。She had her wallet stolen yesterday. 昨天她的钱包被偷了。
③完成某事(⾃⼰也可能参与)。I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected．我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。He has had one thousand yuan saved this year．他今年已存了1000元。
(3) 动词-ed形式可作表⽰希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补⾜语，这类动词包括like，want, wish, expect, order等”这⼀类动词的后⾯作宾语补⾜语。
He won’t like such questions discussed at the meeting．他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。The students wish the TV serial plays continued．学⽣们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。(4) 过去分词⽤在“with+宾语+宾补”这⼀结构中, 过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。
The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.⼩偷被带进来了, 双⼿被反绑在后⾯。四，过去分词作状语
1. 过去分词作状语表⽰被动或完成，但有些过去分词（短语）因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表动作⽽表状态。这样的过去分词（短语）常见的有: lost (迷路); seated (坐); absorbed in (全神贯注于); dressed in (穿着); tired of (厌烦)等。如：Absorbed in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound. 因为沉浸在思考之中,所以他没听到那个声⾳。
2. 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句，在句中⼀般能作五种状语，即时间、原因、条件、让步和⽅式状语。如：Caught in aheavy rain, he was all wet. 因为淋了⼀场⼤⾬，所以他全⾝湿透了。
(Caught in a heavy rain 相当于原因状语从句Because he was caught in a heavy rain)Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的⼟壤⾥，这些种⼦能长得很快。(Grown in rich soil相当于条件状语从句If these seeds are grown in rich soil)注意：
①当从句的主语与主句的主语⼀致时，才可以把从句的主语省略，且省略掉的主语与其逻辑谓语是被动关系或如第⼀段中所讲的表⽰状态。
②把状语从句改为过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语，即“while (when, once, until, if,though等连词)+过去分词”结构。如：
When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定。Though beaten by the opposite team, the players didn’t lose h eart.尽管这些球员被对⽅球队打败了，但他们并没有灰⼼。
[练⼀练] I. ⽤所给词的适当形式填空，并与A-D的汉语翻译相匹配。
2. Once ______, water cannot be taken back again.
3. ______ by the beautiful scenery, I forgot to go back home in time.A. 覆⽔难收B. 流连忘返
C. ⼀⾔既出，驷马难追II. ⽤所给词的适当形式填空。
1. ______ (see) from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful to us.2. ______ (give) time, he’ll make a first class tennis player.
3. ______ (look) out of the window, I found many children playing on the playground.III. 将下列句⼦翻译成英语。1. 由于被妈妈所说的话所感动，我忍不住哭了起来。2. 如果给我们⼀个机会，我们将给⼤家⼀个⾮常好的表演。3. 当问到他出⽣在哪⾥时，约翰说他是纽约⼈。Key: I. 1. spoken; C 2. poured; A 3. Impressed; B
II. 1. Seen 2. Given 3. Looking III. 1. Moved by what my mother said, I couldn’t help crying.2. Given a chance, we could give a good performance.
3. When asked where he was born, John said he was a New Yorker.
