动词过去式、过去分词的变化规则

一、规则变化:

1. 一般情况直接加ed，如ask—asked, work—worked

2. 以不发音的e结尾，只加d，如love—loved, dance—danced

3. 以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变为i，再加ed，如try—tried, study—studied 4. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节结尾的动词(以重读闭音节或r音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母),先双写末尾这个辅音字母,再加ed,如stop—stopped, permit—permitted

注：A. 以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写l,如control—controlled;尾音节不重读时,双不双写都可以，如travel—traveled(美) /travelled(英) 。 B.

特

例

:picnic—picnicked—picnicked(

去

野

餐),traffic—trafficked—trafficked（交易,在…通行），prefer—preferred—preferred较喜欢，refer—referred—referred提到 另外,还有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不合乎上述规则的,需要熟记.(见后) C. 读音与说明:

①.-ed在清辅音音素后发音为[t]: helped, liked, finished, fetched, stopped, clapped

②.-ed在浊辅音和元音后发音为[d]: believed, changed, planned, preferred, followed, stayed

③.-ed在[t]、[d] 后发音为[id]: wanted, needed, admitted, permitted

二、不规则变化

⒈ A---A---A型（现在式、过去式、过去分词同形）

原形（现在式） 过去式 hit hurt cost let hit hurt cost let 过去分词 hit hurt cost let 现分/动名词 hitting hurting costing letting 三单 hits hurts costs lets 中文 打、撞 伤害 花费 让 set shut spread put read cut set shut spread put read cut set shut spread put read cut setting shutting spreading putting reading cutting 补充 sets shuts spreads puts reads cuts 设置、搭建 关闭 传播，散布 放置 读 砍、切、割 broadcast cast burst shed upset broadcast cast burst shed upset broadcast cast burst shed upset broadcasting casting bursting shedding upsetting broadcasts casts bursts sheds upsets 广播，播放 投、掷 爆裂，冲破 流出，放射 弄翻，打乱 口诀1：2H（hit, hurt) 花钱(cost) 让(let) 3S(set,shut,spread) 放(put)（下）读书(read)（去）切割（cut) ⒉ A---A---B型（现在式和过去式同形）

原形（现在式） beat 过去式 beat 过去分词 beaten 现分/动名词 beating 三单 beats 中文 打败 口诀2：打败天下无敌手，过去分词加en ⒊ A---B---A型（现在式和过去分词同形）

原形（现在式） run come become 过去式 ran came became 过去分词 run come become 现分/动名词 running coming becoming 三单 runs comes becomes 中文 跑 来 成为 overcome overcame overcome overcoming overcomes 超越，克服 口诀3：跑、来、成为、（杨）超越，元音字母变成a ⒋ A---B---B型（过去式与过去分词同形） (1) 原形→aught→aught

原形 teach catch 过去式 taught caught 过去分词 taught caught 现分/动名词 teaching catching 三单 teaches catches 中文 教 抓住、赶上 口诀4：教书被抓，变成aught (2) 原形→ought→ought

原形 think buy seek bring fight 过去式 thought bought sought brought fought 过去分词 thought bought sought brought fought 现分/动名词 thinking buying seeking bringing fighting 三单 thinks buys seeks brings fights 中文 想、思考 买 寻求 带来 打架 口诀5：想买（个）熊球（寻求）带来打架 (3) eep→ept→ept

原形 sleep keep sweep 过去式 slept kept swept 过去分词 slept kept swept 现分/动名词 sleeping keeping sweeping 三单 sleeps keeps sweeps 中文 睡觉 保持 清扫 口诀：睡觉保持清扫，变成ept (4) 词尾-ell变成-old

原形 过去式 过去分词 现分/动名词 三单 中文 sell tell retell sold told retold sold told retold selling telling retelling sells tells retells 卖 告诉 复述 注：复述卖告诉 (5) 词尾变成-elt

原形 feel smell spell 过去式 felt smelled/smelt spelled/spelt 过去分词 felt smelled/smelt spelled/spelt 现分/动名词 feeling smelling spelling 三单 feels smells spells 中文 感觉 闻 拼写 注：感觉闻（到）拼写

(6) 词尾-ild、-end，把d变成t

原形 bend lend send spend build rebuild 过去式 bent lent sent spent built rebuilt 过去分词 bent lent sent spent built rebuilt 现分/动名词 bending lending sending spending building rebuilding 三单 bends lends sends spends builds rebuilds 中文 使弯曲 借出 送 花费、度过 建造 重建 注：使（史）弯曲借出送花费建造（重建） (7) 词尾+t

原形 dream burn leap 过去式 过去分词 现分/动名词 dreaming burning leaping 三单 dreams burns leaps 中文 梦想 着火、燃烧 跳跃 dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt burned/burnt leaped/leapt burned/burnt leaped/leapt learn deal mean learned/learnt learned/learnt dealt meant dealt meant learning dealing meaning learns deals means 学习 处理 意思 注：梦（见）着火，跳跃学习处理意思 (8) 词尾ay变成aid

原形 pay say lay 过去式 paid said laid 过去分词 paid said laid 现分/动名词 paying saying laying 三单 pays says lays 中文 付给 说 下蛋、放 注：付给说下蛋 (9) 2个元音减少一个

原形 feed speed breed meet lead shoot bleed 过去式 fed speeded/sped bred met led shot bled 过去分词 fed speeded/sped bred met led shot bled 现分/动名词 feeding speeding breeding meeting leading shooting bleeding 三单 feeds speeds breeds meets leads shoots bleeds 中文 喂养 加速 生产、繁殖 遇见 领导 射击 出血 口诀6：喂（牛）加速繁殖，遇见领导射击，出血，去掉后一个元音字母。 (10)

原形 have/has get 其他

过去式 had got 过去分词 had got 现分/动名词 having getting 三单 has gets 中文 有 得到 make find hold leave lose hear sit win stand understand show made found held left lost heard sat won stood understood showed made found held left lost heard sat won stood understood showed/shown 补充 making finding holding leaving losing hearing sitting winning standing makes finds holds leaves loses hears sits wins stands 制造 发现、找到 举办 离开 丢失 听 坐 赢得 站、忍受 理解、明白 展示 understanding understands showing shows spin spun spoiled/spoilt spun spinning spins spoils 纺纱 溺爱、掠夺 spoil spoiled/spoilt spoiling spill spit babysit dig stick bind fling bite light spilled/spilt spilled/spilt spat babysat dug stuck bound flung bit/bit lighted/lit spat babysat dug stuck bound flung bit/bitten lighted spilling spitting babysitting digging sticking binding flinging biting lighting spills spits babysits digs sticks binds flings bites lights 流出 吐痰 临时照看 挖 粘贴、刺 捆绑 扔、抛 咬 点燃 shone shine shined hung hang hanged wound wind winded shone shined hung hanged wound shining shining hanging hanging winding shines shines hangs hangs winds winds 发光、照耀 磨光、擦亮 悬挂 吊死 缠绕 上紧......的发条 winded winding ⒌ A---B---C型（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同） (1) 原形（-aw,-ow）→ew→own

原形 grow know throw blow draw fly 过去式 grew knew threw blew drew flew 过去分词 grown known thrown blown drawn flown 现分/动名词 growing knowing throwing blowing drawing flying 三单 grows knows throws blows draws flies 中文 成长 知道了解 扔 吹 画画 飞 注：长（grow）大后，才知道（know）,不要乱扔（throw）乱吹（blow）乱画（draw）乱飞（fly），show例外 (2) 原形i→a→u

原形 begin drink ring sing 过去式 began drank rang sang 过去分词 begun drunk rung sung 现分/动名词 beginning drinking ringing singing 三单 begins drinks rings sings 中文 开始 喝 响铃 唱 swim sink swam sank swum sunk/sunken swimming sinking swims sinks 游泳 下沉 注：铃响（ring）后，开始（begin）唱歌（sing），游泳（swim）时，不要喝（drink）太多的水,否则会下沉（sink）的 (3) 原形-ear，过去式-ore，过去分词-orn

原形 swear tear wear bear 过去式 swore tore wore bore 过去分词 sworn torn worn born/borne 现分/动名词 swearing tearing wearing bearing 三单 swears tears wears bears 中文 发誓 扯破 穿戴 生育 注：发誓扯破穿戴生育，ear变ore,分变orn。hear例外 (4) 元音变成--o_e，分词过去式+n

原形 steal wake speak choose break freeze 过去式 stole waked/woke spoke chose broke froze 过去分词 stolen waked/woken spoken chosen broken frozen 现分/动名词 stealing waking speaking choosing breaking freezing 补充 cleave weave clove/cleft wove cloven/cleft woven cleaving weaving cleaves weaves 劈开 编织 三单 steals wakes speaks chooses breaks freezes 中文 偷 唤醒 说，讲 选择 打破，破裂 结冰 口诀22：偷盗醒来说选择打破结冰

(5) 元音--i_e，过去式--o_e，过去分词原形后+n

原形 drive ride rise write 过去式 drove rode rose wrote 过去分词 driven ridden risen written 现分/动名词 driving riding rising writing 补充 arise arose arisen arising arises 出现、上升 三单 drives rides rises writes 中文 驾驶 骑 升起 写 注：驾驶骑车升起写字。注意骑车写字双写辅音（d和t)，give，hide例外。 (6) 原形→过去式→过去分词：原形后+（e）n

原形 give eat forbid forgive shake prove see fall take mistake 过去式 gave ate forbad forgave shook proved saw fell took mistook 过去分词 given eaten forbidden forgiven shaken proved/proven seen fallen taken mistaken 现分/动名词 giving eating forbidding forgiving shaking proving seeing falling taking mistaking 三单 gives eats forbids forgives shakes proves sees falls takes mistakes 中文 给 吃 禁止 原谅 摇动 证明 看到 落下 拿、带 犯错 口诀25：给吃禁止原谅摇动，证明看到落下在（带）犯错 (7) 其他

原形 过去式 过去分词 现分/动名词 三单 中文 be（am/is/arewas / were ) do go get forget hide show did went got forgot hid showed lay lie lied lay laid lied laid lying laying done gone gotten forgotten hid/hidden showed/shown lain doing going getting forgetting hiding showing lying been being is / am 是，在… does goes gets forgets hides shows lies lies lays 做、干 去 到达、得到 忘记 隐藏 表明，证明 躺/平放/位于 撒谎、说谎 下蛋、放 注意lie与lay的区别

6.情态动词——没有过去分词的动词 can（能够）---could, may（也许）---might must（必须）---must shall(将/会)---should will(将/愿意)---would need（需要）---needed dare（敢）---dared

7.过去式和过去分词有两种形式

原形 bet 过去式 betted/bet 过去分词 betted/bet 现分/动名词 betting 三单 bets 中文 打赌 bear bite burn cleave dream kneel hide light leap learn show speed smell spell sink saw sew sow spring spill spoil prove quit bore bit/bit burned/burnt clove/cleft born/borne bit/bitten burned/burnt cloven/cleft bearing biting burning cleaving dreaming kneeling hiding lighting leaping learning showing speeding smelling spelling sinking sawing sewing sowing springing spilling spoiling proving quitting bears bites burns cleaves dreams kneels hides lights leaps learns shows speeds smells spells sinks saws sews sows springs spills spoils proves quits 生育 咬 着火、燃烧 劈开 梦想 下跪 隐藏 点燃 跳跃 学习 展示 加速 闻 拼写 下沉 锯 缝纫 种植 跳跃 流出 溺爱、掠夺 证明 停止 dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt knelt/kneeled knelt/kneeled hid lighted/lit leaped/leapt hid/hidden lighted/lit leaped/leapt learned/learnt learned/learnt showed speeded/sped showed/shown speeded/sped smelled/smelt smelled/smelt spelled/spelt spelled/spelt sank sawed sewed sowed sprang/sprung sunk/sunken sawed/sawn sewed/sown sowed/sown sprung spilled/spilt spilled/spilt spoilt/spoiled spoilt/spoiled proved quit/quitted proved/proven quit/quitted rid wake wet ridded/rid waked/woke wet/wetted shone ridded/rid waked/woken wet/wetted shone shined hung hanged lain lied wound ridding waking wetting shining shining hanging hanging lying lying winding rids wakes wets shines shines hangs hangs lies lies winds winds 摆脱 唤醒 浸湿 发光、照耀 磨光、擦亮 悬挂 吊死 躺/平放/位于 撒谎、说谎 缠绕 上紧......的发条 shine shined hung hang hanged lay lie lied wound wind winded winded winding bear的过去式是bore,过去分词是born 和borne都可以,只是用法有些区别 区别一：在主动语态中,只能用 borne.如：

She has borne him six children.她给他生了 6 个孩子. 她生了一男一女.

误：She has born a son and a daughter. 正：She has borne a son and a daughter.

区别二：在带有 by 短语的被动语态中,要用 borne.如： 他是一个英国妇女生的.

误：He was born by an English woman. 正：He was borne by an English woman.

区别三：用于 be born 表示“出生”时,不用 borne.如：

He was born in Beijing on April 15,1966.他于1966年4月15日出生在北京. Ten children are born in this hospital every day.这家医院每天有10个孩子出生.

He was born to [of] wealthy parents.他出生在有钱人家.

He was born French,but later took Canadian citizenship.他生为法国人,但后来取得了加拿大的公民身份.

有时用于比喻义.如He was born to be a great writer.他生来就注定是一个伟大的作家.

区别四：born 有时可用于名词前作定语,表示“天生的”,此时不能用 borne.如：

He was a born poet.他天生是个诗人.

区别五：若用于“生育”之外的其他意义,其过去分词要用 borne.如： The task is borned on our shoulders.这任务落在我们的肩上.