Language Points of Book 4 Unit 1 Text A 1. In the case of: as far as…is concerned
The rise in interest rate will be disastrous in the case of small firms.
In the case of a highly intelligent animal like the seal, elementary training is easy In the case of a physical change, no new substance is formed.
2. Raw: cold and wet; not cooked, refined, processed, organized or analyzed This cutting board is only used to cut raw meat.
Industrial plants processed the raw material into finished products for export and for domestic consumption. The events took place on a raw February morning.
What do u prefer for the steak? Raw? Medium? Well Done? 3. Launch: start; send on its course
Beginning in the early 1960s, humans launched probes to explore other planets. He launched into a long speech about the danger of taking drugs. Launch a campaign/ satellite/ movement
launch a ship/ an artificial satellite/ launch one's son into the world/ a new enterprise
During the past 20 years, Procter & Gamble, the world's most magnificent marketing machine, has launched many magnificent brands including Oil of Olay and Pantene. launch an attack
launch a massive campaign launch a company
4. conquer: take control of …by force
The year 1939 had witnessed the conquest of Poland by Germany.
The pianist made a conquest of every audience for which she played. 5. retreat: move back or withdraw when faced with danger or difficulty After a fierce battle, the troops retreated southward.
We adopted the following strategies: when the enemy advances, we retreat; when they retreat, we pursue. 6. Be/get bogged down: be unable to make progress
The local government got bogged down in problems of how to handle the emission of hazardous chemicals by industrial facilities.
7. crucial: very important (followed by to)
Amazingly, our soccer team won the victory in the crucial final game.Improved consumer confidence is crucial to economic recovery.
Syn. Vital ,essential, critical, decisive
8. press on/ ahead continue doing sth. in a determined way
Our school authorities are keen to press on with educational reform. Organizers of the strike are determined to press on. Cf. drag on
9. Bide one’s time wait patiently for a chance
His political rivals are biding their time for an attack on his policies.
Our neighbor seems to be doing nothing, but in fact he's just biding his time. Drag on move slowly and with effort; continue endlessly and tediously 10. At the cost of with the loss of
Berman saved Johnson at the cost of his own life.
The local government developed its economy but at the cost of environment. He worked hard at the cost of his health.
11. Caught off guard: taken completely by surprise
The bodyguard was caught off guard when a crazy female fan pushed her way amid the crowd of reporters toward Beckham asking for a signature from him.
The invitation to his wedding caught me off guard.
The manager didn’t know what to say, it was clear that my question had caught him off guard. 12. Invasion an entering or being entered by an attacking military force On Hitler’s orders, the invasion of Poland began on September 1,1939. invade sb.'s rights
a body invaded by disease
a mind invaded by worry and anxiety
The town was invaded by a crowd of tourists..
13. Render: cause (sb.\\sth) to be in a specified condition The drug will render the tiger harmless for up to two hours. The news rendered her speechless.
He was rendered unconscious by a blow on the back of the neck. Hundreds of people were rendered homeless by the earthquake.. 14. Offensive: aggressive action, attack
The Red Army brought its winter offensive to a successful conclusion. an offensive odor/ gesture/ weapons. an offensive remark; disgusting language; a loathsome disease; a nasty smell;
15. Reckon: count; consider; think
Do you still reckon him among your friends ?.
Many people reckon him to be a great basketball player. reckon on sb.'s help
16. toll 1) the number of people or animals killed or injured in particular circumstances
2) money paid for the use of a bridge, road, etc. The death toll rose from 270 in 1952 to 5,000 in1954 Each car must pay a toll to cross the bridge.
Useful Expressions of Book 4 Unit 1 Text A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 骄兵必败 激烈的抵抗 堪称无敌 势如破竹/势不可挡 痛苦的教训 施以援手 训练有素，装备精良 速战速决 面临一个关键的抉择 pride comes before a fall fierce resistance be unequaled mow down resistance a painful lesson come to the aid of Be well trained and equipped a quick, decisive victory be faced with a crucial decision take the gamble of quitting the job fierce battle A raging fire bide one’s time 10 孤注一掷辞职 11 激战 12 熊熊大火 13 等待时机
14 变成噩梦 15 意外的好运 16 以牺牲健康为代价 17 不宣而战 18 猝不及防/措手不及 19 焦土 20 步步逼近边境 21 停车 22 发动/ 突袭 23 时乖命蹇 24 战争带来了难以言喻的伤痛 25 把自然因素考虑在内 26 低估问题的严重性 turn into a nightmare By a stroke of luck At the cost of health without a declaration of war Be caught off guard “scorch the earth” draw closer and closer to the border Bring the car to a halt launch a counterattack/ surprise attack on turn the tide against The war brings unspeakable suffering Reckon with the element of nature Underestimate the severity of the problem Useful Expressions of Book 4 Unit 1 Text B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
军事行动 周密安排 打开通路 安排在（某一天） 留下安全系数 希望微乎其微 面临严峻的现实 希望渺茫 意见不一 被打的措手不及 努力完成任务 各种各样的武器 战前 身体虚弱 为无家可归的人提供庇护 大雾中能见度极差 对事故负有部分责任 崩溃 Military expedition Set everything in place open the way for Be scheduled for Allow a safety margin Hold out little hope that Be faced with the grim reality A thin ray of hope divided opinion Take completely by surprise Struggle to achieve one’s goal/accomplish tasks A vast array of weapons Prior to the war In poor shape Provide shelter for the homeless Poor visibility in the fog Be partially responsible for the accident Lay in ruins
