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新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

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新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

Unit 1

Active reading (1)

Catching crabs Language points

1 󰀀 and we all started to get our heads down 󰀀 (Para 1)

To get one󰀀s head down means to concentrate and focus on studying. In other British informal contexts,

it can mean to sleep. Note also, to keep one󰀀s head down means to continue to do something quietly,

especially when there is trouble happening around you.

Unit 1 Discovering yourself

2 Most important of course were the final exams in April and May in the following year. (Para 1)

This is a conversational elliptical sentence. A standard way of saying this is: The most important things, of course, were the final exams in April and May in the following year. 3 No one wanted the humiliation of finishing last in class, so the peer group pressure to work hard was strong. (Para 1)

Peer group pressure is the pressure to conform that people, especially children and young people, often

feel from the immediate group of those around them who are of the same age or status.

4 Libraries ... were standing room only until the early hours of the morning, and guys wore the bags

under their eyes and their pale, sleepy faces with pride, like medals proving their diligence. (Para 1)

The expression standing room only means there are no more seats available because the place is crowded.

This expression is often used in public performances, for sports events and on public transport to mean

that you have to stand because the place is packed with people.

Bags under their eyes refer to loose dark areas of skin that you get when you have not had enough sleep.

The expression guys wore the bags under their eyes with pride means that the students were proud that

their tired appearance showed how hard they had been studying, and the bags under their eyes were like medals.

5 It wasn󰀀t always the high flyers with the top grades who knew what they were going to do. (Para 2)

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

A high flyer refers to someone who has achieved a lot and has the ability and determination to continue to

be successful in their studies or job. In university, a high flyer is a top student.

6 Quite often it was the quieter, less impressive students who had the next stages of their life mapped out. (Para 2)

To have something mapped out means to have something that will happen planned in detail. 7 One had landed a job in his brother󰀀s advertising firm in Madison Avenue, another had got a script

under provisional acceptance in Hollywood. (Para 2) To land a job means to get a job that you wanted.

Provisional acceptance refers to an acceptance which is arranged (in principle), but is not yet definite. It

is temporary and could be changed.

8 The most ambitious student among us was going to work as a party activist at a local level. (Para 2)

A party activist is someone who takes part in activities that are intended to achieve political change,

someone who is a member of a political organization.

9 We all saw him ending up in the Senate or in Congress one day. (Para 2) To end up somewhere means to be in a particular place or state after doing something or because of it.

Here, a party activist might end up in Congress, as a result of making career progress.

10 But most people were either looking to continue their studies 󰀀 and then settle down with a family,

a mortgage and some hope of promotion. (Para 2)

To look to continue their studies here means to hope or expect to continue their studies – whether they

can do so would probably depend on their exam results and grades. You can also look to someone for help, advice or support. Discovering yourself Unit 1

A mortgage is a legal agreement in which you borrow money from a bank or financial organization in

order to buy a house. You pay back your mortgage by making monthly payments, plus interest. Thus,

getting a mortgage for many young people means getting a flat or house of their own. 11 I braced myself for some resistance to the idea. (Para 10)

A brace is a piece of wood or metal which supports an object so that it does not fall down. So to brace oneself means to hold oneself together in readiness for something difficult or unpleasant. 12 You don󰀀t need to go into a career which pays well just at the moment. (Para 16)

To go into a career means to start working in a particular job, business or career. 新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

13 Several times the crab tried to defy his fellow captives, without luck. (Para 25)

The crab tried to defy the others as it resisted others or refused to obey them when it tried to escape.

The expression without luck means without success, being unable to do what you want.

Reading and understanding

3 Choose the best summary of what happened in the crab cage.

3 The cage was full of crabs. One of them was trying to escape, but each time it reached the top the other

crabs pulled it back. In the end it gave up trying and started to prevent other crabs from escaping.

4 Choose the best answer to the questions.

1 What happened to the students in the fall of the final year? (a) They became more relaxed. (b) They became more serious. (c) They spent more time outside. (d) They stopped going to lessons.

2 Why did some people have bags under their eyes in the morning? (a) They’d been to an all-night party.

(b) They’d started worrying about their future. (c) They’d spent all night in the library. (d) They wanted to impress their teachers.

3 Which students had already planned their future? (a) The ones who had the best grades.

(b) The ones who came from wealthy families.

(c) The quieter ones who didn’t have the best grades. (d) The ones who wanted to get married and start a family. 4 Why did the writer go home? (a) He wanted to speak to his father.

(b) He could study better at home than at college. (c) He had to attend a job interview. (d) It was a national holiday.

Unit 1 Discovering yourself

5 Why did his father take him out to catch crabs? (a) They needed to get something to eat for dinner. (b) He wanted to show him how to catch crabs. (c) He wanted to tell him something about life.

(d) They both wanted to enjoy the coastline and the sea. 6 What advice did his father give him? (a) Get to know yourself better. (b) Watch what others do carefully. (c) Always listen to your father.

(d) You can’t always do what you want. 新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

Dealing with unfamiliar words

5 Match the words in the box with their definitions. 1 achieving good results (productive)

2 the fact of being present at an event, or of going regularly to school, church etc (attendance) 3 the refusal to accept something new, such as a plan, idea, or change (resistance) 4 determined to be successful, rich, famous etc (ambitious) 5 agreement to a plan, offer, or suggestion (acceptance)

6 the written words of a play, film, television programme, speech etc (script) 7 very good, large, or showing great skill (impressive)

6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5. To be a successful film scriptwriter takes more than training although (1) attendance on a screenwriting

course will definitely help you learn the skills. You also need to be very (2) ambitious – the film business

is very competitive. You have to be prepared to work hard and be very (3) productive because it takes

more than just one good idea to make it big. No matter how (4) impressive your idea is, there will

always be (5) resistance from producers because it’s too expensive. So make sure you have plenty of

others to show them. What are you waiting for? Get on with writing that brilliant (6) script and plan your

(7) acceptance speech for when you win your first Oscar!

7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. 1 We’ve seen a place we like and we’re applying for a loan to buy a house. (mortgage) 2 We stood on the top floor of the boat and watched the coast disappear into the horizon. (deck)

3 I love to walk along the beach and watch the waves breaking, and the white water hitting the shore. (surf)

4 In seaside areas in the north-east of the country, life is hard and fishermen have to go against the forces

of nature every time they go to work. (coastal; defy)

5 Agreement was finally reached after a long and heated discussion. (lengthy) 8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.

1 If you watch an impromptu performance of something, has it (a) been prepared, or (b) not been

prepared?

2 When you map out your future, do you (a) plan it carefully, or (b) draw a sketch of it on paper?

Discovering yourself Unit 1

3 If you brace yourself for something unpleasant, do you (a) try not to think about it, or (b) prepare

yourself for it mentally and physically?

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

4 Do you moor a boat by (a) turning the steering wheel, or (b) tying it to a post with a rope? 5 Is a rusty piece of metal something that (a) is bright and shiny, or (b) might have been left out in the rain

and is covered with brown substance?

6 If a bowl is brimming with soup, is it (a) very full, or (b) half empty?

7 If someone is being held captive, are they (a) free to do as they please, or (b) being kept as a prisoner?

8 If you have figured out something, have you (a) added numbers together, or (b) understood it?

Active reading (2)

2 Work in pairs. Look at the title of the passage and choose the best way to complete the sentences. 1 The passage will be (c) .

(a) a newspaper article about life expectancy (b) a sad story about death

Unit 1 Discovering yourself 12

2 The passage is likely to be (d) . (a) serious (b) funny (c) depressing

(d) a mixture of all three

3 The passage is likely to say (b) .

(a) young people don’t think enough about death (b) life is short

We are all dying Background information

The passage is taken from Everything That Happens to Me Is Good, a book of thoughts, experiences and

insights from the life of Geoff Thompson. The writer worked in many different jobs, including nine years

as a “bouncer” in a nightclub in London (a bouncer has the tough job of making sure that no one causes

trouble, eg if they are rude, drunk or violent). He then trained full-time in karate, judo and other martial arts

and became well-known as a martial arts instructor. He lived out his dream to become a writer, authoring

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

over 30 books on self-defence and self-improvement and has recently been making films and writing for the

screen. Asked what he had learnt from his years in martial arts, he said, “The main thing I’ve learned is that

wherever there is discomfort there is growth, but what people do is to look for growth in areas of comfort –

and there’s no growth in comfort. So look for areas of growth that are uncomfortable but allow you to grow,

and learn to become comfortable in those areas.”

Language points

1 I have some good news and some bad news for you (as the joke goes). The bad news 󰀀 and I󰀀m very

sorry to be the bearer 󰀀 is that we are all dying. It󰀀s true. I󰀀ve checked it out. (Para 1)

Good news and bad news are often paired together in jokes and in comments on new information or recent

events where there is a mixture of positive and negative aspects, eg The good news is 󰀀 But the bad news is 󰀀 To check something out means to examine something or someone in order to be certain that

everything is

correct, true, satisfactory or acceptable. Check this out! is an attention-getting exclamation which means

here’s something interesting to have a look at.

2 󰀀 we are all going to be either coffin dwellers or trampled ash in the rose garden of some local cemetery. (Para 1)

Coffin is a long box in which a dead person is buried. The expression coffin dweller is a humorous way to refer to dead people.

The expression trampled ash in the rose garden of some local cemetery refers jokingly to the ashes of a

dead person placed in a cemetery garden where people walk on the buried ashes.

Discovering yourself Unit 1 13

3 After all, we never quite know when the hooded, scythe-carrying, bringer-of-the-last-breath might come-a-calling. (Para 1)

The expression the hooded, scythe-carrying, bringer-of-the-last breath refers to the reaper, a person who

reaps or cuts corn for the harvest and is a symbol of death from medieval times of the West. A reaper is

personified as a tall figure dressed in a black cloak with a hood covering his face and carrying 新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

a scythe,

a cutting tool with a long curved metal blade used for cutting, or reaping long grass or corn. The reaper

brings death or brings your last breath. The expression when the reaper arrives means when death comes to you.

4 󰀀 and nothing underlines the uncertainty and absolute frailty of humanity like the untimely exit of a friend. (Para 1) The word exit here means leaving this world or death. The word untimely means happening at a time that

is not suitable because it causes problems. An untimely death is too soon or when a person is young.

5 Knowing that we are all budding crypt-kickers takes away all the uncertainty of life. (Para 3)

That we are all budding crypt-kickers is a humorous way of saying that we are all potentially soon to be buried, ie dead.

6 The prologue and epilogue are already typed in. All that󰀀s left is the middle bit ... choose the meat of the story. (Para 3)

A prologue is a piece of writing at the start of a book, or the beginning of a play, film or TV programme

that introduces a story. An epilogue is at the end of a novel, play or piece of writing, which carries an extra

comment or extra information about what happens after the main story. Here, the writer’s point is that the

prologue (birth) and epilogue (end, death) of your life are already written, but we all choose to write the middle bit – the meat of the story. 7 So, all those plans that you have on the back burner, you know, the great things you󰀀re going to do

with your life 󰀀when the time is right󰀀? (Para 4)

A back burner is literally one of the back parts of a cooker which is used for heating or cooking food.

Metaphorically, if you put something on the back burner, it means you have decided not to do it until

later. It is at the back of the cooker, just simmering or cooking slowly, so you don’t give it priority because

it doesn’t need your full attention. The expression this back-burner stuff (Para 10) thus refers to things

which have low priority and get little attention. 8 There󰀀s only a promissory note that we are often not in a position to cash. (Para 5)

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

A promissory note is a document giving details of your promise to pay someone a particular amount of

money by a particular date. The writer means that tomorrow, or the future, is like a promissory note for

which you never get the cash, because the future never comes unless you act now and use time wisely, as

if tomorrow is today.

9 󰀀 but regret and a rear-view mirror full of 󰀀could haves󰀀, 󰀀should haves󰀀 and 󰀀would haves󰀀. (Para 5)

A rear-view mirror is a mirror fixed to the front window of a car that lets the driver see what is happening

behind. Here, the mirror refers to the past, which is behind us. We don’t want such a mirror full of regrets

about things we could / should / would have done, but did not do.

Unit 1 Discovering yourself 14

10 I love watching people ingeniously stack the cucumber around the side of the bowl 󰀀 like they󰀀re

filling a skip 󰀀 and then cramming it so high that they have to hire a forklift truck to get it back to

the table 󰀀 They just know that they only have one shot at it. (Para 6) A skip is a large metal container used in the building industry for waste; it is carried away by a truck

when it is full.

A forklift truck is a vehicle that uses two long metal bars at the front for lifting and moving heavy objects.

The writer is using the images of a skip and a truck to emphasize how people use the opportunity to serve

themselves, because they only have one shot – they only have one chance or attempt, they can’t return for

more salad in this type of buffet, so they make the most of this opportunity.

11 So what I󰀀m thinking is (and this is not molecular science) 󰀀 (Para 10) It means this is not specialized knowledge. It’s not rocket science; it’s simple and straightforward. 12 The right time is the cheque that󰀀s permanently in the post, it never arrives. (Para 10)

That the cheque is in the post means money has been sent, its on its way. This is often said as an excuse

for late payment, so if the cheque󰀀s permanently in the post, it means the money never comes.

13 It󰀀s the girl who keeps us standing at the corner of the Co-op looking like a spanner 󰀀 She󰀀s stood us up. (Para 10)

The expression looking like a spanner on the street corner means he looks awkward

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

and out of place,

waiting for a girl who is late and never arrives. To stand someone up means not to come to meet them when you have arranged to meet them, especially

someone with whom you are having or starting a romantic relationship. The word us is an informal and

personal way to include others who will recognize that this is a typical experience.

14 Act now or your time will elapse and you󰀀ll end up as a sepia-coloured relative that no one can put

a name to in a dusty photo album. (Para 13)

The expression you󰀀ll end up as a sepia-coloured relative means that in the end you will be only an

old half-forgotten photograph in a photo album. I can󰀀t put a name to someone is said when you halfrecognize

a person but you can’t quite remember his name.

15 Better to leave a biography as thick as a whale omelette than an epitaph. (Para 14)

An omelette is flat round food made by mixing eggs together and cooking them. The expression as thick as a whale means extremely thick. The writer means it is better to leave a very large biography than an

epitaph, or, in other words, live a full life which is worth writing about.

Reading and understanding

3 Choose the best summary of the passage.

3 Life is short. So there’s no point in planning for a future which may never come. Now is the time to do

what we want to do. There’s no time to lose.

Dealing with unfamiliar words

4 Match the words in the box with their definitions. 1 involving three things of the same kind (triple)

2 an area of ground where dead people are buried (cemetery)

Discovering yourself Unit 1 15

3 the part of a place or thing that is at the back (rear)

4 a book that someone writes about someone else’s life (biography) 5 to put people or things into a space that is too small (cram)

6 at the very beginning of a career and likely to be successful at it (budding) 7 continuing only for a limited time or distance (finite) 8 to pass (elapse)

5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 4. 1 About two hours elapsed before we reached the cemetery where the war dead were buried. 2 I sat in the rear seat behind the driver. My three sisters were all crammed in the front.

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

3 The entrance to the car park was blocked, so the road was full of cars which had been triple-parked one

against another, making it almost impossible to get past.

4 We have a number of budding authors in our class this year, one of whom has written a fascinating

biography of his grandmother.

5 The time we have on this earth may be finite, but there are no limits to the human imagination.

6 Answer the questions about the words.

1 If you substantiate a claim, do you (a) prove it is true, or (b) persuade someone that it is true?

2 If someone tramples over something, do they (a) pour water over it, or (b) walk all over it? 3 If someone’s arrival is untimely, is it (a) at the wrong moment, or (b) late?

4 If events are described chronologically, do they occur (a) in the order in which they happened, or (b) in no particular order?

5 Is ingeniously likely to mean (a) artistically, or (b) cleverly?

6 Is knackered an informal British word meaning (a) very relaxed, or (b) extremely tired? 7 Is patently likely to mean (a) obviously, or (b) usually?

8 When something is allotted to you, is it (a) given to you, or (b) taken from you? 7 Answer the questions about the phrases.

1 If you check something out, do you (a) find out, or (b) not think about it?

2 If you see something from the sidelines, do you (a) take part in the action, or (b) stay away from it?

3 If something is down to you, is it your (a) bad luck, or (b) responsibility?

4 If you have something on the back burner, (a) will you look at it later, or (b) are you interested in it now?

5 If you are in a position to do something, are you (a) able, or (b) unable to do it? 6 If time is ticking away, does it seem (a) as if it will last forever, or (b) to be passing quickly?

7 If you can have one shot at something, (a) are you allowed to shoot it, or (b) do you have only one

chance to do it?

8 If you make the best of something, do you (a) enjoy it while you can, or (b) work hard to make it a success?

9 If a girl stands you up, does she (a) fail to turn up for a date, or (b) refuse to sit down when you ask her to?

Language in use

word formation: compound words 新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

1 Find more examples of each use of hyphens in the passage We are all dying . • I’ve double- and triple-checked it. (compound verb) • budding crypt-kickers (compound noun) • a rear-view mirror (compound adjective)

• the once-a-year holiday to Florida or Spain (compound adjective) • back-burner stuff (compound adjective)

• standing at the corner of the Co-op (compound noun)

• a sepia-coloured relative that no one can put a name to (compound adjective) 2 Rewrite the phrases using compound adjectives. 1 a party which is held late at night (a late-night party) 2 a library which is well stocked (a well-stocked library)

3 a professor who is world famous (a world-famous professor) 4 some advice which is well timed (some well-timed advice)

5 a population which is growing rapidly (a rapidly-growing population) 6 an economy which is based on free market (a free-market economy) 7 a boat trip which lasts for half an hour (a half-hour boat trip)

It’s what / how … that …

3 Rewrite the sentences using It’s what / how … that … 1 What other people think of us is determined by how we behave. It’s how we behave that determines what other people think of us.

Unit 1 Discovering yourself 20

2 What sort of job we are going to end up doing is usually determined by our character. It’s what our character is that usually determines what sort of job we are going to end up doing.

3 What we do as a career isn’t always determined by the marks we get at university. It isn’t always what marks we get at university that determine what we do as a career. 4 How we react to life’s problems is often determined by our childhood experiences. It is often what we experienced in our childhood that determines how we react to life’s problems.

5 When we die is determined by our genetic clock, and the changes we make to it.

It’s what our genetic clock is and what changes we make to it that determine when we die.

It is / was not just that … but …

4 Rewrite the sentences using It is / was not just that … but …

1 Not only were the shops all closed for Thanksgiving, there was also no one in the streets. It wasn’t just that the shops were all closed for Thanksgiving, but there was no one in the streets.

2 Not only did she spend all her time at college going to parties, she also took the time to gain a first-class degree.

It wasn’t just that she spent all her time at college going to parties, but she took the time to gain a firstclass

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

degree.

3 Not only were they not listening to what he said, it also seemed as if they weren’t at all interested.

It wasn’t just that they weren’t listening to what he said, but it seemed as if they weren’t at all interested.

4 Not only was I upset, I also felt as if I was going to burst out crying.

It wasn’t just that I was upset, but I felt as if I was going to burst out crying.

5 Not only was the Grim Reaper intended to frighten people, it was also a figure of fun. It wasn’t just that the Grim Reaper was intended to frighten people, but it was also a figure of fun.

collocations

5 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions. 1 settle When you settle somewhere you go there to stay. (a) Where is dust likely to settle in a room?

On the surfaces that aren’t used very often or aren’t cleaned. (b) If you settle an argument, is the conclusion satisfactory?

Yes, it is, because the disagreement is solved and each party is satisfied with the outcome. (c) If you settle the bill, what is there left to pay? Nothing, because you have paid everything that is owed.

(d) What do you do when you settle back to watch a film? We relax in a comfortable chair and enjoy it.

2 smooth This word can mean flat or soft, comfortable, easy or confident. (a) If the sea is smooth, are you likely to feel seasick?

No, because the sea is calm. We will feel seasick if it is rough.

Discovering yourself Unit 1 21

(b) If a changeover from one government to the next is smooth, are there lots of problems? No, because the changeover has gone well, without difficulties. (c) Is it a good idea to trust a smooth talker?

Not necessarily, because some people who talk confidently like that do so to trick you, like a confidence trickster or conman.

3 offer This word can refer to something you would like someone to take, something someone gives, or

something that is for sale.

(a) If you decline an offer, do you say “yes” or “no”? We say “no”, because we are refusing it.

(b) If you offer an apology to someone for something you have done, what do you say? We should say, “I apologize” or “I’m sorry”. (c) Where are you likely to see special offer?

In a shop, because the shop is offering a special price or reduction for something. (d) If someone has a lot to offer, what kind of person are they? They are intelligent, talented, gifted or creative and they will bring these kinds of qualities to their work.

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

4 bear If you bear something you carry or bring it. If you cannot bear something, you dislike it or cannot accept it.

(a) If you bear something in mind, do you forget it?

No, we will remember it and consider it for a particular occasion in future. (b) If you bear a resemblance to someone, in what way are you like them? We look similar in certain physical features.

I can’t bear to think too much about some of the problems in the world, famine, war, poverty etc. In

the modern world, why don’t we just solve them?

5 resistance This word can refer to the refusal to accept something new, the ability not to be harmed by

something, or opposition to someone or something.

(a) If there is resistance to an idea, do people accept it?

No, not easily. They refuse to accept the idea maybe because it’s just a bad idea, or they may change

their mind if they understand it better.

(b) If the soldiers met with resistance, what happened?

The soldiers met opposition from those they were fighting against. (c) Is there a way to build up your resistance to cold?

Yes, we can keep ourselves as healthy as possible with a good diet and getting enough exercise so

that we are less likely to catch a cold, or if we do get one, we won’t suffer so badly. 6 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.

1 We all sensed we were coming to the end of our stay here, that we would never get a chance like this

again, and we became determined not to waste it. Most important of course were the final exams in

April and May in the following year. No one wanted the humiliation of finishing last in class, so the

peer group pressure to work hard was strong. Libraries which were once empty after five o’clock in the

afternoon were standing room only until the early hours of the morning, and guys wore the bags under

their eyes and their pale, sleepy faces with pride, like medals proving their diligence. (☞ and guys wore

the bags under their eyes and their pale, sleepy faces with pride … 这句的动词wear 后面带两个宾语，中

Unit 1 Discovering yourself 22

文找不到能带这两个宾语的动词，故处理成四个中文短句；翻译 like medals proving their diligence

时，采用“增词法”增加“这些”来概括前面所描写的“眼袋”，“脸色苍白”，“睡眼惺新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

忪”

等，使译文含义更加清晰流畅。) 我们都觉得在校时间不多了，以后再也不会有这样的学习机会了，所以都下定决心不再虚度光阴。当然，下一年四五月份的期末考试最为重要。我们谁都不想考全班倒数第一，那也太丢人了，因此

同学们之间的竞争压力特别大。以前每天下午五点以后，图书馆就空无一人了，现在却要等到天快

亮时才会有空座，小伙子们熬夜熬出了眼袋，他们脸色苍白，睡眼惺忪，却很自豪，好像这些都是

表彰他们勤奋好学的奖章。

2 Tomorrow? It’s all a lie; there isn’t a tomorrow. There’s only a promissory note that we are often not in

a position to cash. It doesn’t even exist. When you wake up in the morning it’ll be today again and all

the same rules will apply. Tomorrow is just another version of now, an empty field that will remain so

unless we start planting some seeds. Your time, which is ticking away as we speak (at about 60 seconds

a minute chronologically; a bit faster if you don’t invest your time wisely), will be gone and you’ll

have nothing to show for it but regret and a rear-view mirror full of “could haves”, “should haves” and

“would haves”. (☞ 本段的难点在于对一些词的理解与翻译，如 an empty field that will remain so,

chronologically, invest your time wisely, have nothing to show for it but 等等。“could haves”, “should

haves”,“would haves” 是表达与事实相反的条件句，指自己没有做，但有可能或应该做的事情。)

明天行吗？明天只是个谎言；根本就没有什么明天，只有一张我们常常无法兑现的期票。明天甚至

压根儿就不存在。你早上醒来时又是另一个今天了，同样的规则又可以全部套用。明天只是现在的

另一种说法，是一块空地，除非我们开始在那里播种，否则它永远都是空地。你的时间会流逝（时

间就在我们说话的当下嘀嗒嘀塔地走着，每分钟顺时针走60 秒，如果你不能很好地利用它，它会走

得更快些），而你没有取得任何成就来证明它的存在，唯独留下遗憾，留下一面后视镜，上面写满

了“本可以做”、“本应该做”、“本来会做”的事情。 7 Translate the paragraphs into English. 1 对于是否应该在大学期间详细规划自己的未来，学生们意见不一。有的人认为对未来应该有一个明

确的目标和详细的计划，为日后可能遇到的挑战做好充分的准备；有的人则认为不用过多考

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

虑未

来，因为未来难以预料。(map out; brace oneself for; uncertainty)

Students differ about whether they should have their future mapped out when they are still at university.

Some think they should have a definite goal and detailed plan, so as to brace themselves for any

challenges, whereas some others think they don’t have to think much about the future, because future is full of uncertainties.

2 经过仔细检查，这位科学家得知自己患了绝症。虽然知道自己将不久于人世，他并没有抱怨命运的不公，而是准备好好利用剩下的日子，争取加速推进由他和同事们共同发起的那个研究项目，以提

前结项。(tick away; make the best of; have a shot at)

After a very careful check-up, the scientist was told he had got a fatal disease. Although he knew that

his life was ticking away, instead of complaining about the fate, the scientist decided to make the best of

the remaining days, and speed up the research project he and his colleagues initiated, and have a shot at

completing it ahead of schedule.

Unit 2

Active reading (1)

Language points

1 ... I can recall the changing colors of those days, clear and definite as a pattern seen through a kaleidoscope. (Para 1)

A kaleidoscope is a toy that shows changing patterns. It is made of a tube with mirrors and colored pieces

of glass inside. The glass pieces move as you turn the kaleidoscope. As a metaphor, kaleidoscope means a

view, situation or experience that keeps changing and has many different aspects.

2 󰀀 and look over the lights of Boston that blazed and blinked far off across the darkening water. (Para 2)

To blaze means to burn strongly and brightly. The lights ... that blazed and blinked means the lights were

bright and went on and off continuously, like the blinking of eyes.

3 The sunset flaunted its pink flag above the airport, and the sound of waves was lost in the perpetual

droning of the planes. (Para 2)

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

To flaunt means to deliberately try to make people notice something, eg your possessions, beauty, abilities

etc, because you want them to admire you. The sunset flaunted its pink flag means the pink color of the

setting sun was like a flag which the sun was using to try to make everyone notice and admire it.

To drone means to make a continuous low sound. Because Logan is an international airport, the noise of

the planes continued all the time. So it was perpetual.

4 I marveled at the moving beacons on the runway and watched, until it grew completely dark, the

flashing red and green lights that rose and set in the sky like shooting stars. (Para 2)

A beacon is a bright light that shines in the dark and is used as a signal to warn people of danger or to

show them the way to somewhere. Beacons are used in airports to show approaching and departing planes

the position of the runways to help them land and take off safely.

A shooting star is a meteor, a large piece of rock in space that falls through the earth’s atmosphere and

makes a bright line of light in the sky. When you see a shooting star, it is said to be lucky, and some people make a wish.

5 Out by the parking lot David and I found the perfect alcove for our Superman dramas. (Para 5) A parking lot is the American equivalent of a car park, British English. A lot in American English refers to

a small area of land used for a particular purpose.

6 During recess, David and I came into our own. (Para 6)

To come into one󰀀s own means to have the opportunity to show how good or useful someone is. Here the

two children are good at imaginative play with Superman games.

Childhood memories Unit 2 45

7 We ignored the boys playing baseball on the gravel court and the girls giggling at dodge-ball in the dell. (Para 6)

Dodge-ball is a game played by children standing in a circle or on opposite sides of an area. A rubber ball

is thrown by those outside, who try to hit those in the circle. The children in the circle try to dodge the

ball to avoid being hit.

8 Our Superman games made us outlaws 󰀀 (Para 6)

An outlaw is a criminal, especially one who moves from place to place to avoid being caught. 新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

There are

many famous stories of outlaws in Western culture, eg Robin Hood, Billy the Kid, Butch Cassidy and

the Sundance Kid, Ned Kelly etc. Here, the two children are outlaws because they play their imaginative

games against the custom of other games like dodge-ball. 9 󰀀 the sallow mamma󰀀s boy on our block who was left out of the boys󰀀 games ... and skin his fat knees. (Para 6)

Mamma, mama, momma, mummy are children’s names for mother (mum). A mamma󰀀s boy is one who

depends too much on his mother and is not independent when he should be. To skin one󰀀s knees means to hurt one’s knees by falling on a rough surface in a way that causes some

skin to be removed.

10 At the time my Uncle Frank was living with us while waiting to be drafted 󰀀 (Para 8)

The draft means conscription into the armed forces for military service. People who are drafted are made

to join the army, navy etc; they are conscripts or draftees not volunteers.

Reading and understanding

3 Answer the questions.

1 What were Sylvia Plath’s most important memories?

She remembered winning a prize, Paula Brown’s new suit and the view from her window. 2 Where did she live and what could she see from her bedroom window?

She lived on the bay side of town, on Johnson Avenue, and she could see the lights of Boston and Logan

Airport from her bedroom window.

3 What did the view make her want to do? It made her want to fly in her dreams. 4 Why did she have such vivid dreams?

Because she was rarely tired when she went to bed. 5 Who appeared in her dreams?

Superman appeared and taught her to fly.

6 Why did she enjoy the radio adventures of Superman? Because she loved the sheer poetry of flight. 7 Where did her friend and she play Superman?

At the dingy back entrance to the school, an alcove in a long passageway.

Unit 2 Childhood memories 46

8 Why do you think they chose Sheldon to be the villain? Because he was a mamma’s boy and was left out of the other boys’ games. 9 How did she feel about her Uncle Frank? 新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

She admired him as she thought he bore an extraodinary resemblance to Superman incognito. 4 Choose the best summary of the passage.

3 Sylvia Plath wrote about her real and imaginary life as a child.

Dealing with unfamiliar words

5 Match the words in the box with their definitions. 1 accurate and true (definite)

2 continuing all the time (perpetual) 3 to spin quickly in circles (whirl) 4 to shine very brightly (blaze)

5 to laugh in a nervous, excited or silly way that is difficult to control (giggle) 6 to encourage someone to speak or continue speaking (prompt) 7 to fall to the ground (tumble)

6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5. Plath never needed to be (1) prompted to talk about her childhood memories. They were very (2) definite

and still real to her as an adult. She imagined she could fly and (3) whirl through the air like Superman.

Coming from the highways around Boston was the (4) perpetual sound of traffic. In the distance a plane

was taking off, its lights (5) blazing into the night sky. She remembered the sound of (6) giggling which

came from the group of girls. Sadly in her later life it seemed as if Superman had (7) tumbled to earth.

7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. 1 The lights at the airport went on and off all day and night. (blinked)

2 The playground was like a desert. It was without any interesting or positive features and unfriendly. (barren)

3 The boys were playing a children’s game in which the players chase and try to touch each other and the

girls were gossiping and giggling. (tag)

4 Pulling the legs off insects is a form of action causing extreme physical pain by someone as a

punishment, and is extremely cruel. (torture)

5 The similarity in appearance between the twins was striking. (resemblance)

6 He would cover candy with a piece of cloth used for cleaning lips and hands, and make it disappear. (napkin)

8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.

1 If you look through a kaleidoscope, are you likely to see (a) changing coloured patterns, or (b) a single coloured pattern?

2 If you flaunt something, do you (a) deliberately try to make people notice, or (b) try to

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

hide it?

3 If you marvel at something, do you find it (a) boring, or (b) surprising and fascinating?

Childhood memories Unit 2 47

4 Are shooting stars likely to (a) move brightly through the night sky, or (b) stand still? 5 Is the twilight likely to be (a) at the end of, or (b) in the middle of the day? 6 If you drift off to sleep, are you likely to fall asleep (a) quickly, or (b) slowly?

7 If someone is bookish, are they likely to be (a) more, or (b) less interested in reading books than doing

other activities?

8 If you make up something, do you (a) invent it, or (b) borrow it from someone else? 9 If you come into your own, are you likely to show (a) how effective and useful, or (b) ineffective and useless you can be?

10 Is a villain likely to be a (a) good, or (b) bad person?

11 If you are left out of something, are you likely to be (a) included, or (b) excluded?

Active reading (2)

Language points

1 These changing ideas about children have led many social scientists to claim that childhood is a

󰀀social construction󰀀. (Para 4)

A social construction refers to the process or result of creating an idea or system of behaviour in social

contexts, ie it is created and developed between people and is not something natural or genetic.

Childhood memories Unit 2 53

2 Social anthropologists have shown this in their studies of peoples ... (Para 5)

Social anthropologists are scholars and researchers who study human societies, customs and beliefs

from a social perspective, which may be distinct from the focus of physical anthropologists or linguistic anthropologists.

3 Because they can󰀀t be reasoned with, and don󰀀t understand, parents treat them with a great deal of

tolerance and leniency. (Para 5)

Tolerance is the attitude of someone who is willing to accept other people’s beliefs or way of life without

criticizing them even if they disagree with them. The word leniency means giving a punishment or acting

in a way that is not as severe or harsh as it could be. 新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

4 They are seen as being closer to mad people than adults because they lack the highly prized quality

of social competence 󰀀 (Para 6)

Something is prized if it is considered to be very important or valuable. The examples in the passage

emphasize how different cultural communities may give importance to quite different qualities which they

expect from children, so the children are brought up very differently.

5 They are regularly told off for being clumsy and a child who falls over may be laughed at, shouted at, or beaten. (Para 6)

To tell someone off means to criticize someone angrily for doing something wrong. If you are told off for

doing something in a serious or official way, you are reprimanded.

6 Looking at it from a cross-cultural perspective shows the wide variety of childhoods that exist across the world 󰀀 (Para 11)

A cross-cultural perspective is a view which considers different cultures separately or independently and

then makes comparisons. An intercultural perspective would look at the relations and interactions between

different cultures or communities, taking inside views of each culture into account. A

transcultural perspective would look at different cultures using knowledge, skills and insights which are

thought to

apply to a wide range of cultural contexts and which would help people in intercultural contexts.

Reading and understanding

3 Read the passage again and complete the table. Teaching tips

• When Ss have completed the table on their own, divide the class into seven groups, each group

being responsible for one row in the table. They have to summarize the characteristics of childhood

of this ethnic group, and also include an example. Then they report to the class. Each group should

also add related information they learned from the passage, and the language and culture notes. The

presentation of each group could be given from that exact roles of parents from that exact cultural or

ethnic group. If this is difficult, T may give each group a copy of the example below, and ask them to

practise and present it to the class.

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

• As a way to follow this up, T can ask each group, one by one, to compare their result with that of

another group, without looking at their books. An alternative follow-up is for the T, together with

one or two Ss, to take the roles of TV reporters who meet each group and ask them “on camera” to

compare themselves with another group, and talk about how they understand the other group from a

cross-cultural perspective.

Unit 2 Childhood memories 54

1 We are American colonial people. We lived in the 17th and 18th centuries on the east coast of America

and our families settled here from Europe. In our time, children were expected to be good and industrious. That was the main characteristic of childhood. For example, when our girls were four they

knitted stockings and mittens; when they were six they spun wool. We called them “Mrs” to show the

girls our appreciation.

2 We are Inuit people from the Arctic regions. Some of us are from Canada and Greenland, Denmark,

others from Russia and Alaska of US. For us, children need to get ihuma – you would call this the

process of acquiring thought, reason and understanding. That’s the main characteristic of childhood.

For example, as parents we are tolerant and lenient with children until they are old enough to develop

ihuma, then we can teach them and discipline them.

3 We are from Tonga, a kingdom of about 170 islands in the south-west Pacific Ocean. As parents, we

may regularly beat our children if they haven’t yet developed poto. You would think of poto as social

competence. For us, it’s the main quality that our children need to develop. So we treat them with

discipline and physical punishment when they are mischievous or wilful.

4 We are the Beng people. We live in different parts of West Africa. The main characteristic of childhood

is that young children are thought to be in contact with the spirit world. They come to the world

reluctantly because life in the spirit world is so pleasant. As parents, we have to look after our children

properly, or they may return to the spirit world. We have to treat them with care and reverence. They can

know and understand everything we tell them, whatever languages we use. 新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

5 We are parents from the Western world today. Some of us are from Europe, others from North America,

Australia and other places. The main characteristic of childhood in our countries is that children are

incompetent and dependent, so they should play, be part of the family and go to school. Children should

not work. For example, a child under 14 can’t look after a younger child unsupervised because they

aren’t competent or responsible yet. If we found a child of 12 working in a factory or in a market, the

social services could intervene and the family could be prosecuted.

6 We are Fulani people. Most of us live in West Africa. For us, the main characteristic of childhood is

that children are competent and responsible. So by the age of four our girls can care for their younger

siblings; by six they can pound grain or produce milk and butter which they can sell in the market

alongside us.

7 We are the Yanamamö people from the Amazonian rainforest. We live among the hills where you

probably call the border between Brazil and Venezuela. The main characteristic of childhood is that

children are responsible and competent. Our girls help their mothers from a young age and by the age of

ten they will be running the house. This is important because they will probably be married at 12 or 13.

Our boys have fewer responsibilities. They can play because they don’t get married until later.

Culture / Ethnic group Characteristics of childhood American colonial expected to be good and industrious

Inuit develop a process of acquiring thought, reason and understanding Tonga

regularly beaten and told off by parents and older siblings, seen as being very naughty, until they develop social competence Beng

treated with great care and reverence, believed that they are in contact with the spirit world

Childhood memories Unit 2 55

Culture / Ethnic group Characteristics of childhood Western world today

seen as incompetent and irresponsible; playing not working, going to school not labouring, consumption instead of production

Fulani competent and responsible; expected to work

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

Yanamamö

competent and responsible; girls expected to work from a young age, be married and have children at 12 or 13; boys having fewer responsibilities and getting married later

4 Choose the best way to complete the sentences. 1 The characteristics of childhood a hundred years ago (d) . (a) would have interfered in their education (b) are similar to those of today (c) would be illegal today

(d) meant that children were treated more like adults

2 The idea that childhood is a social construction suggests that (a) .

(a) children experience childhood in different ways according to the society in which they live (b) enormous transformations have taken place within a relatively short time (c) children in the past worked harder (d) all children are different from adults

3 Both Inuit and Tongan parents understand that (b) .

(a) their children need to be treated in a way which would be considered harsh by outsiders (b) their children don’t yet possess certain prized qualities, such as reasoning and social competence

(c) growing up is a process of acquiring thought, not social skills (d) bringing up their children requires tolerance and discipline

4 Parents of Beng children treat them with great care because they (d) . (a) think children know all human languages and understand all cultures (b) think life in the earthly world is unpleasant (c) believe the children still live in a spirit world

(d) fear the children may choose to return to the spirit world where they lived before they were born

5 Western childcare practices (c) .

(a) include allowing eight-year-old girls to work and 12-year-old girls to marry (b) treat the child in a bizarre and possibly harmful way

(d) are only similar to Yanamamö childcare practices in that girls help out at home, and boys are allowed

to play well into their teens

6 The main idea of the passage is that (c) .

(a) history shows us how our perception of childhood has changed

(b) childhood is viewed in different ways according to the child’s cultural and social upbringing

(c) both history and society can affect our perception of childhood (d) Western notions of childhood are outdated and not informed (continued)

Unit 2 Childhood memories 56

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

Dealing with unfamiliar words

5 Read the passage again and find the words in the box. Choose the best definition in the context of the passage.

1 consumption

(a) the process of buying or using goods

(b) the process of eating, drinking, or smoking something 2 colonial

(a) relating to a system or period in which one country rules another

(b) made in a style that was common in North America in the 18th century 3 knit

(a) to make something such as a piece of clothing using wool and sticks called knitting needles

(b) to join together or work together as one group or unit 4 harsh

(a) unpleasant and difficult to live in (b) strict, unkind, and often unfair 5 contact

(a) communication between people, countries, or organizations either by talking or writing (b) a situation in which people or things touch each other 6 impose

(a) to force someone to have the same opinion, belief as you

(b) to cause extra work for someone by asking them to do something that may not be convenient for them 7 perspective

(a) a way of thinking about something

(b) a sensible way of judging how good, bad, important etc something is in comparison with other things 6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box.

Our (1) knowledge and understanding of childhood is undergoing a process of (2) nonstop change. In

the West we see children as being (3) in need of adult control. However, among other (4) socio-cultural

groups with similar traditions children are (5) mainly considered to be capable of assuming greater

responsibilities. So there is a (6) strong desire for (7) someone who does not belong to this group to

think that such practices might be odd or even harmful. But while most ethnic groups may at first show

(8) hesitation about integrating other traditions and customs with their own, (9) outside pressures usually

make them change their traditional view of childhood. 新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

Key: (1) notion (2) continual (3) dependent on (4) ethnic (5) largely (6) temptation (7) an outsider (8) reluctance (9) external

7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions. 1 Is prosecution likely to be (a) the act of accusing someone of a crime, or (b) the process of supervision

by the social services?

Childhood memories Unit 2 57

2 Is intricate likely to be (a) very basic, or (b) very detailed in design?

3 Is leniency likely to involve (a) kindness and understanding, or (b) strict discipline? 4 If someone tells you off, are they (a) criticizing, or (b) praising you?

5 Is a mischievous child likely to (a) be well behaved, or (b) enjoy having fun by causing trouble?

6 If a child is wilful, are they likely to cause damage or harm (a) deliberately, or (b) by mistake?

7 When a child is unsupervised, are they likely to be (a) looked after by adults, or (b) without an adult looking after them?

8 Is something bizarre likely to be (a) strange and difficult to explain, or (b) very usual?

Language in use

unpacking complex sentences

1 Look at the sentences from the passage Superman and answer the questions. 1 My flying dreams were believable as a landscape by Dali, so real that I would awake with a sudden shock, a breathless sense of having tumbled like Icarus from the sky and caught myself on the soft bed just in time. (a) What were believable?

Her dreams about flying were believable. (b) How real were they? They were very real.

Unit 2 Childhood memories 60

(d) Why would she wake up with a breathless sense? Because she felt she was really flying. (e) What did the breathless sense feel like? It felt like a sudden shock.

(f) Why did she catch herself on the soft bed just in time? Because she felt she was falling.

2 We even found a stand-in for a villain in Sheldon Fein, the sallow mamma󰀀s 新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

boy on our block who was left out of the boys󰀀 games because he cried whenever anybody tagged him and always managed to fall down and skin his fat knees. (a) What did we find?

We found someone who could be a villain. (b) Who was the stand-in for a villain? Sheldon Fein.

He was sallow and a mamma’s boy. (d) Where did he come from? He came from their block.

(e) Why was he left out of the boys’ games? Because he always cried and fell over.

(f) What happened when he always managed to fall down? He skinned his knees. 2 Rewrite the sentence from the passage Cultural childhoods in a diagram below.

He has written how a Yanamamö girl is expected to help her mother from a young age and by the age of ten will be running a house. 3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of suitable expressions from the collocation box.

Sometimes more than one collocation is possible.

1 The Australian bush fires blazed for several days before they were brought under control. 2 As a child Ruth’s long dark hair tumbled down her back.

3 He comes from a very close-knit / tight-knit family with three brothers and two sisters.

4 I remember my father used to knit his brows / eyebrows together when he was thinking hard about

something.

5 It was extremely hot and the sun was blazing. He has written how a

Yanomamö girl from a young age and

will be running a house

is expected to help her mother

by the age of ten

Childhood memories Unit 2 61

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

6 Did you knit that jumper / hat yourself? It’s really beautiful!

7 I’m watching the financial markets – I think the prices of stocks will tumble quite soon. 4 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.

1 My flying dreams were believable as a landscape by Dali, so real that I would awake with a sudden

shock, a breathless sense of having tumbled like Icarus from the sky and caught myself on the soft

bed just in time. These nightly adventures in space began when Superman started invading my

dreams and teaching me how to fly. He used to come roaring by in his shining blue suit with his cape

whistling in the wind, looking remarkably like my Uncle Frank who was living with mother and

me. In the magic whirling of his cape I could hear the wings of a hundred seagulls, the motors of a

thousand planes.

我的飞行梦像达利的风景画那么真实可信，以致于自己常常会在一阵惊吓中醒来，好像伊卡罗斯那

样从空中摔下来，虽然发现自己刚好掉到软软的床上，但也被吓得喘不过气来。当超人开始侵入我的梦乡，并教给我飞行的技巧之后，我每夜的太空冒险便开始了。超人身着耀眼的蓝色衣服，肩披

随风飕飕作响的斗篷，经常从我身边呼啸而过。他长得太像我的舅舅弗兰克了，舅舅那会儿正跟

妈妈和我住在一起。当超人的斗篷神奇地旋转时，我好像能听见上百只海鸥的振翅声，上千架飞

机的马达轰鸣声。

2 In contrast, children on the Pacific island of Tonga, studied by Helen Morton, are regularly beaten by

their parents and older siblings. They are seen as being closer to mad people than adults because they

lack the highly prized quality of social competence (or poto as the Tongans call it). They are regularly

told off for being clumsy and a child who falls over may be laughed at, shouted at, or beaten. Children are thought of as mischievous; they cry or want to feed simply because they are naughty,

and beatings are at their most severe between the ages of three and five when children are seen as

particularly wilful. Parents believe that social competence can only be achieved through discipline

and physical punishment, and treat their children in ways that have seemed very harsh to outsiders.

(☞ 这段话里有多处被动用法，有些译成中文时仍保留被动态，有些则应该变成主动，否则译文就

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

不通顺。)

相反，根据海伦·莫顿的研究，太平洋岛国汤加的儿童经常挨父母和哥哥姐姐的打。人们认为儿童

和成年人相比更像疯子，因为他们缺乏被大家看重的社会能力（汤加人称之为poto）。小孩子经常

因为笨手笨脚而挨骂，他们连摔跤都会被嘲笑、呵斥，甚至被打。人们认为儿童很顽皮，都是因为

淘气他们才哭闹，或者要东西吃。在大人看来，三至五岁的儿童尤其任性，因此他们打这个年龄段

的孩子也打得最狠。父母们相信，只有靠训导和体罚才能使孩子获得社会能力，所以他们用一种在

外人看来非常严厉的方式对待孩子。

5 Translate the paragraphs into English. 1 在火车站上，有一位老人给我讲述了他参加战争的经历，那些战斗故事对我有着极大的吸引力。

后来他上了车，列车从我身边隆隆地开走了。可那些故事仍然是那么清晰可见，对于英雄们的壮举，

我钦佩不已。(fascination; roar; marvel at)

At the railway station, an old man told me his experience in the Liberation War, the fighting stories of

which were of great fascination to me. Then he got up on the train and it roared past me. But the stories

were so real and definite that I greatly marvelled at the courageous deeds of those war heroes.

Unit 2 Childhood memories 62

2 行之有效的环保不仅能创造良好的生态环境，还能大大降低能源消耗。回顾这个地区近年来的发展情况，我们惊喜地发现地区强制实行的环保不但没有受到任何批评，还促使居民增强

了环保意识，尽其所能节约能源。(consumption; impose; take exception to; prompt) Effective environmental policy might bring about a good environment, as well as reducing energy

consumption. Looking back on the recent development of this region, we find, to our pleasant surprise,

that little exception has been taken to the environmental policy of the local government, and the policy

has also raised the environmental awareness of the local residents and prompted them to save energy as

possible as they could.__ Handout and Key to Unit 3& unit 4

Unit 3

Language points

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

1 For lack of a better terminology, one might name these: (1) the sensuous plane, (2) the expressive

plane, (3) the sheerly musical plane. (Para 1) The expression for lack of a better terminology is used to introduce rather inexact terms. It means since

we don’t have any exact terms, I’m going to use these rather rough terms.

The word sensuous suggests physical pleasure which relates to your physical senses rather than to your

emotions and thoughts.

A plane is a level of thought, development or existence.

The word sheer is used to emphasize the amount or degree of something. The sheerly musical plane refers

to the level of the musical material, melodies, rhythms, harmonies etc. The sheer pleasure (Para 2, Line 2)

means great or pure pleasure.

2 The only advantage to be gained from mechanically splitting up the listening process into these

hypothetical planes is 󰀀 (Para 1)

The word hypothetical means to be based on situations or events that seem possible rather than on actual

ones. Here, the planes are not real, they are just part of a model for analysis and discussion. 3 One turns on the radio while doing something else and absent-mindedly bathes in the sound. A kind

of brainless but attractive state of mind is engendered by the mere sound appeal of the music. (Para 2)

To bathe means to swim or wash yourself in a bath, river or lake. To bathe in the sound means to immerse

yourself in the sound, like in water. To engender means to cause a feeling or attitude to exist. The expression engendered by the mere sound appeal means to be created only by the appeal or attraction of the sound.

4 Music allows them to leave it ... dreaming because of and apropos of the music yet never quite

listening to it. (Para 3)

The expression apropos of means relating to; it is used to introduce something else about the subject you

are talking about. The expression is derived from French, and the final -s is silent in pronunciation.

Unit 3 Art for art’s sake 82

5 ... but you must not allow it to usurp a disproportionate share of your interest. The sensuous plane

is an important one in music ... but it does not constitute the whole story. (Para 4)

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

To usurp means to take a job or position that belongs to someone else without having the right to do this.

The sentence you must not allow it to usurp a disproportionate share of your interest means don’t let it

take up a wrong amount of your interest.

The expression it does not constitute the whole story means there is more to it than this.

6 Here, immediately, we tread on controversial ground. (Para 5)

The expression we tread on controversial ground contains a metaphor: These are ideas that some people

will probably disagree about or not approve of.

7 Composers have a way of shying away from any discussion of music󰀀s expressive side. (Para 5)

To shy away from something means to avoid someone or be unwilling to do something because you are

nervous, afraid or not confident.

8 Is it pessimistically sad or resignedly sad; is it fatefully sad or smilingly sad? (Para 6)

The word resignedly means with resignation, accepting that something unpleasant must happen or that

you cannot change it. The whole sentence gives nuances – shades of meaning – of different kinds of

sadness: sadness which has a feeling of pessimism (things are bad and we can’t change them easily),

sadness to which we may feel resigned – we accept it, sadness that we feel is part of our fate – we can’t

avoid it and it is part of our life, and sadness that also has humour, so we smile even though we feel sad.

9 It is very important for all of us to become more alive to music on its sheerly musical plane. (Para 9) To become / be alive to something means to know that something is happening and realize how important it is.

10 After all, an actual musical material is being used ... He must hear the melodies, the rhythms, the

harmonies, the tone colors in a more conscious fashion. (Para 9)

The musical materials refer to the elements of music, usually discussed under the headings of melody (the

tune), rhythm (the effects of time or duration of the beats of music, the pulse), harmony (how the notes

of music combine with each other in chords or sequences of notes), tone color (how the precise sound of

notes can vary), and form (how the music is organized with all the elements and patterns of repetition and

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

variation).

11 Perhaps an analogy with what happens to us when we visit the theater will make this instinctive

correlation clearer. (Para 11)

An analogy is a comparison between two situations, processes etc, that is intended to show that the two

are similar. That the two things are analogous means the same things are true of or relevant to both of them.

Dealing with unfamiliar words

4 Match the words in the box with their definitions. Teaching tips

To go through the answers, T assigns Numbers 1–7 to seven Ss, and ask each student to read one

definition. T then assigns Numbers 8–14 to another seven Ss, and ask them to give corresponding answers

orally. For example, “You could use the word constitute,” or “That means the same as constitute.”

1 to make up or form something (constitute)

2 happening or done at the same time (simultaneously)

3 able to do something because you have the knowledge, skill, or experience that is needed (qualified)

4 a regular pattern of sounds in music that you can show by moving, hitting your hands together, or hitting

a drum or other surface (rhythm)

5 to receive or obtain something from something else (derive)

6 someone who writes music, especially classical music (composer) 7 as much as is needed (sufficiently)

5 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4. Johann Sebastian Bach is possibly the greatest (1) composer the world has ever known. His Well-

Tempered Clavichord (2) constitutes one of the most complete works for keyboard ever written. It is

(3) simultaneously both a series of technical exercises which explore the possibilities of the keyboard, and

Art for art’s sake Unit 3 85

a masterpiece of expressive feeling. Although he was a highly (4) qualified musician (as an organist and

a choirmaster), he was not considered to be (5) sufficiently “modern” by the generation which followed

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

him, and he was soon forgotten. But his music was rediscovered in the 19th century, for its perfect sense

of (6) rhythm and harmony. Indeed, many of the great composers of the 20th century, such as Stravinsky,

(7) derived a lot of their musical ideas from him. 6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box. You may

need to make other changes.

1 Shh! They’re about to announce the winner of this year’s International Piano Competition. (proclaim)

2 It’s quite easy to make a comparison between poetry and music. (analogy) It’s quite easy to make an analogy between poetry and music.

3 We are amazed by her ability to express herself with great clearness and simplicity. (clarity) 4 How many artists have given up everything for the cause of their art? (for the sake of) 5 Internet emerges as a powerful and effective force in advertising new products. (potent) 6 I enjoyed the performance, but I thought the clothes the actors were wearing were a bit silly. (costumes)

7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.

1 If you split something up, do you (a) divide it into parts, or (b) put the parts together? 2 If you do something absent-mindedly, are you (a) thinking about what you are doing, or (b) thinking

about something else?

3 Do you look for consolation (a) after a piece of bad news, or (b) after a piece of good news?

4 If you are treading on controversial ground, are you (a) taking a risk, or (b) making everybody happy? 5 If you shy away from something, do you (a) keep close to it, or (b) keep your distance from it?

6 If you pin something down, are you (a) able to examine it carefully, or (b) unable to examine it carefully?

Unit 3 Art for art’s sake 86

7 If you know the melody of a piece of music, are you familiar with (a) the tune, or (b) the meaning of the music?

8 Is an instinctive reaction to something (a) automatic, or (b) one which follows a lot of thought?

Reading and interpreting

8 Work in pairs and choose the best answer to the questions. 1 Which is the writer’s main purpose?

(a) To show how complex listening to music is. 新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

(b) To get people to listen to music more.

(c) To discourage some people from listening to music. (d) To get people to think about how they listen to music. 2 Who does the writer address as you? (a) Musicians. (b) Theatregoers. (c) Composers.

(d) Intelligent music lovers.

9 Check (¸) the statements you agree with.

√ 1 The analysis the writer makes is a fair and accurate one. Yes, I think this is a reasonable analysis of listening to music. 2 He describes the sensuous listener in negative terms.

He does mention some negative aspects of sensuous listening but he says several times that we

listen in all three ways, so I don’t think he is actually negative about this way. √ 3 He thinks all great music is expressive.

He doesn’t actually say this, but this seems to be his point of view. 4 He thinks most listeners are not intelligent enough.

No, he doesn’t say this. He says most listeners are not conscious enough of the third plane, but that

doesn’t mean they aren’t intelligent.

√ 5 He is probably a professional musician.

I guess this is true because of his knowledge of Stravinsky and Bach, and his insights into the effective way of listening to music. √ 6 He is probably a good teacher.

I think so because of his way of explaining the three planes and because of the way he uses the

analogy of the theatre, which non-musician might appreciate.

Active reading (2)

Language points

1 We know his work includes paintings of religious and mythological themes, domestic interiors and landscapes. (Para 2)

Domestic interiors are the inside of households with the rooms, furniture and decorations. Landscapes are paintings of an area of land, showing the scenery sometimes with people but the focus

mostly on nature.

2 While Griet goes about her duties, she attracts the attention not only of a butcher󰀀s boy, Pieter, but

also of the painter himself. (Para 6)

To go about her duties means to do the work that she is supposed to do. Being on duty 新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

means to be

working at the moment; being off duty means to be not working at the moment.

3 Despite their different backgrounds and class, he invites her into his studio and engages her in his world. (Para 6)

To engage her in his world means to help her to take an interest, understand or take part in what he does.

4 Vermeer recognizes Griet as having visual talent and artistic promise, and takes her on as his studio assistant. (Para 7)

The expression she has artistic promise means she shows the sign that she is likely to be successful as an artist in the future.

5 Her role is to grind paints and develop the colours which Vermeer will use for his paintings ... (Para 7)

To grind paints means to break something into very small pieces or powder by crushing it between two

surfaces or using a machine. In Vermeer’s time, artists made their own paints by grinding up different

colours and mixing the powder with water or other substances. This task was often done by an apprentice or assistant.

6 Catharina has long been forbidden to enter the studio, so the apprenticeship takes place in secret. (Para 7)

The apprenticeship refers to employment as an apprentice to work for someone, or a company, usually

for low pay, in order to learn the type of work they do. In the 16th and 17th centuries, it was normal for

people to learn how to be an artist by serving as an apprenticeship.

7 The film shows very effectively the tension ... for the portrait commissioned by his patron. (Para 12)

To commission means to ask someone officially to do some work for you. Commissioning a work of art

means asking the artist to produce a particular work of art in exchange for paymentDealing with unfamiliar words

5 Match the words in the box with their definitions. 1 someone who looks at a picture, photograph, or piece of art (viewer)

2 a painting, drawing or photograph of someone, especially of their face only (portrait) 3 relating to people’s homes and family life (domestic)

4 the inside part of something, especially a building or vehicle (interior)

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

5 as a result (consequently)

6 to start to employ someone or use their services (engage)

7 to officially ask for a piece of work to be done for you (commission)

6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5. In the beginning it was only the rich and famous who had their (1) portraits painted. But from the

Renaissance onwards things changed. Firstly, the growing importance of the middle classes led many

ordinary people to (2) commission paintings, often of members of their family. Secondly, artists

became interested in showing scenes of (3) domestic life, set in the (4) interiors of ordinary houses, and

(5) consequently they began to (6) engage ordinary people, such as servant girls, as models. Part of the

mystery for (7) viewers today concerns the identity of these models, in masterpieces such as Leonardo’s

Mona Lisa and Vermeer’s Girl with a Pearl Earring. Additional activity 7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box.

1 He changed his religion from Protestantism and became a Catholic. (converted) 2 One of the assistant’s jobs was to break into a powder the paints. (grind)

3 The newspaper started to change the fact so that it was no longer true ever since it existed, and the local

government was definitely one of the victims. (distort)

Unit 3 Art for art’s sake 94

4 You don’t have to make a hole in your ears to be able to wear these earrings. (pierce) 5 The lives of artists have often been linked to shocking events and situations. (scandals) 6 One of the most striking aspects of the painting is the turban she is wearing on her head. (features)

7 I’ll finish the painting this evening, so from now until then you can have a break. (in the meantime)

8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions. 1 Are exotic clothes likely to be (a) ordinary, or (b) unusual?

2 Is a sitter someone who (a) is being painted, or (b) spends a lot of time sitting down? 3 Is a conventional sense of beauty one which is (a) shared and understood by most people, or

(b) different from what is shared and understood by most people?

4 Is an enigmatic expression one which is full of (a) good humour, or (b) mystery?

5 If you have a volatile personality, do you get angry (a) quickly, or (b) only when you can’t tolerate?

6 If you are wary of something, are you (a) excited about it, or (b) careful and nervous about it?

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

7 If you show something explicitly, do you (a) make its meaning very clear so there is no doubt about it,

or (b) leave its meaning unclear?

8 If a woman tries to keep her modesty, does she (a) cover her hair and body to avoid any sexual feeling

in men, or (b) talk and act with good grace?

9 Is jealousy the feeling you get when you think someone you love (a) is attracted to somebody else, or

(b) doesn’t love you any more?

Language in use

word formation: compound nouns

1 Form compound nouns to indicate: 1 a writer of songs (songwriter) 2 a director of films (film director)

3 a scarf you wear around your head (headscarf) 4 a pack you carry on your back (backpack) 5 a stick you use to make your lips red (lipstick) 6 a lace you use to tie up your shoe (shoelace) 7 polish that you put on your nails (nail polish)

might have been / done

2 Rewrite the sentences using might have been / done . 1 It’s possible that the artist and the model became lovers. The artist and the model might have been lovers.

2 It’s possible that Catharina was never jealous of the model. Catharina might never have been jealous of the model.

3 It’s possible that the model became Vermeer’s assistant. The model might have become Vermeer’s assistant.

4 It’s possible that Vermeer painted other masterpieces which have since been lost. Vermeer might have painted other masterpieces which have since been lost. 5 It’s possible that Vermeer died in poverty. Vermeer might have died in poverty.

may be due to the fact that …

3 Complete the sentences with your own ideas using may be due to the fact that … 1 The young pianist’s musical genius may be due to the fact that his mother played the piano a lot while

she was pregnant, so he has always heard music from day one.

2 The late arrival of the train may be due to the fact that there were severe storms last night. 3 The misunderstanding may be due to the fact that she speaks very little Chinese and I don’t speak much Spanish.

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

Art for art’s sake Unit 3 97

4 The book’s enormous popularity may be due to the fact that it has been aggressively marketed on TV

and it was discussed in several prime time TV shows.

5 His dislike of music may be due to the fact that he was exposed to loud rock music for many hours a

day when he was quite small.

insist that …

4 Rewrite the sentences using insist that …

1 I met an old friend who refused to let me go before I had a drink with him. I met an old friend, who insisted that I have a drink with him before he let me go.

2 The customs people refused to let me through unless I signed a document they gave me. The customs people insisted that I sign a document they gave me before they let me through. 3 We refused to let him start the concert before having an hour’s rest. We insisted that he have an hour’s rest before he started the concert.

4 They refused to publish the book until he changed some of the things he had written.

They insisted that he change some of the things he’d written before they published the book. 5 She refused to let me see the painting until I apologized for what I had done. She insisted that I apologize for what I had done before she let me see the painting.

collocations

5 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.

1 appeal This word means the quality that something has that makes people like it or want it. (a) If a radio station wants to widen its appeal, what does it need to do? It needs to appeal to a wider audience by having more popular programmes.

(b) Are games and sports that have a popular appeal liked by many people or a few people? They are liked by many people.

(c) When an organization makes an appeal for money, what does it do? It asks people to give money, probably for a charity.

(d) How would the police launch an appeal to the public for information?

They would have a special event like a TV broadcast in which they ask the public to come forward

with any relevant information.

2 qualified This word can mean thoroughly trained for a particular job. (a) If you are a highly qualified doctor, what do you have? You have lots of medical qualifications.

(b) If a job advertisement asks for fully qualified engineers, what does it expect? It expects people with degrees in engineering and work experiences to apply. (c) If someone is well qualified to give an opinion, who are they? They are expert on the topic for which they are asked to give an opinion.

Unit 3 Art for art’s sake 98

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

3 engage This word can mean to start to employ someone or use their services. (a) If you get engaged to someone, what are you planning to do? You are planning to get married with the person.

(b) If government forces have engaged with rebels, what is happening? The government forces are fighting the rebels.

4 convert This word can mean to change from one system, use, or method to another. (a) Where can you convert pounds into dollars?

You can exchange the money in banks, at the airport, according to the current exchange rate. You

should be sure to check the exchange rate because it can change from day to day. (b) What useful piece of furniture do some sofas convert into?

They convert into beds so that people can use them for overnight guests.

(c) What would a farmer have to do to convert to organic food production methods? They would have to stop using artificial methods of food production and start to use more natural ones.

5 grind When you grind something, you break it into small pieces or powder, by using a machine or by

crushing it between two hard surfaces.

(a) What happens to coffee, spices or pepper when you grind it? The beans or seeds become powder.

(b) Did you know that 20 per cent of people grind their teeth at night? No, the number of the proportion sounds horrible.

It stops slowly and will probably become a traffic jam unless it gets moving again quickly. 6 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.

1 Listen, if you can, to the 48 fugue themes of Bach’s Well-Tempered Clavichord. Listen to each theme,

one after another. You will soon realize that each theme mirrors a different world of feeling. You will

also soon realize that the more beautiful a theme seems to you the harder it is to find any word that will

describe it to your complete satisfaction. Yes, you will certainly know whether it is a gay theme or a sad

one. You will be able, in other words, in your own mind, to draw a frame of emotional feeling around

your theme. Now study the sad one a little closer. Try to pin down the exact quality of its sadness. Is it

pessimistically sad or resignedly sad; is it fatefully sad or smilingly sad?

可能的话，你不妨听听的《平均律钢琴曲集》中的48个赋格主题。依次地、一个个地听听其中

的每一个主题，你很快就会意识到每个主题都反映了一个不同的情感世界，你很快也会意识

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

到你越

觉得某个主题美妙，就越难找到令你完全满意的字眼来描述它。是的，你当然知道那个主题是欢快

的还是悲伤的。换句话说，你能够在脑海中勾勒出那个主题的情感框架。那么就更仔细地听一下这

个悲伤的主题吧，要明确悲伤的性质。是悲观厌世的悲伤，还是无可奈何的悲伤？是时运不济的悲

伤，还是强颜欢笑的悲伤？

Art for art’s sake Unit 3 99

2 We know less about the Girl with the Pearl Earring than any of Vermeer’s works. Indeed, the

unexplainable lack of background information may even contribute to the worldwide popularity the painting enjoys.

With so much mystery, the painting has been the theme of first, a novel and later, a film, both of which

attempt to answer some of the questions about the painting, as well as one, which is immediately more

appropriate to the medium of the novel or the film: Are her wide eyes and enigmatic half-smile innocent or seductive?

我们对《戴珍珠耳环的少女》的了解比对维梅尔的其他作品都少。实际上，这种无法解释的背景资

料的缺失甚至会使得该画更受欢迎。

正因为如此神秘，这幅画先是成了一部小说的主题，而后又被一部电影所采纳。它们都试图揭开有

关这幅画的一些谜题，其中一个是：女孩那双睁得大大的眼睛，以及那一丝神秘的微笑，到底是天

真还是诱惑？像小说或电影这类媒介更适合作出回答。 7 Translate the paragraphs into English.

1 随着婚礼的临近，苏珊变得非常焦虑。她说不清楚是什么让自己如此烦恼。在同好友凯特长谈了一

次后，她才意识到，尽管自己已经28岁了，但在情感方面还不够成熟，还没有为婚姻做好准备，也

不知道这桩婚姻是否会给自己带来美满的家庭生活。(pin down; guarantee)

As the wedding ceremony was approaching, Susan had become quite anxious. She could not pin down

what exactly was troubling her. After a long talk with her close friend Kate, she realized that, although

she was 28 years old, she was not emotionally mature enough to be ready for marriage and she was not

sure whether the marriage would guarantee her a happy family life. 2 她知道中国学生总是不愿意表达自己的情感和想法，这不仅仅因为他们对自己的英语口语

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

不够自

信，还因为他们相信稳重是一种美德。因此她特意设计了一些简单的话题，鼓励学生参与讨论，让

他们增强自信心，拉近彼此间的距离。(shy away; engage sb in)

She knew that Chinese students had a way of shying away from revealing their feelings or opinions, due

not merely to their lack of confidence in spoken English, but to their belief in the virtue of modesty. So

she specially conceived a couple of simple topics and encouraged them in the discussion, in order that

they might become more confident and closer with each other.

Unit 4

Reading 1

Language points

1 Work in corporate America (Title)

Corporate America is a general term given to a large non-government-owned organization or company

in the United States, eg a bank, a marketing research company etc. It has both positive and negative

connotations. Positively, it means that a company or an organization produces wealth and improves

people’s living standards in a free market and competitive society by people working together to achieve

the goals. This mainly refers to financial gains and success. Negatively, it seems to indicate the promotion

of self-interest, financial gains, greed and irresponsibility in the workplace.

2 It is not surprising that modern children tend to look blank and dispirited when ... (Para 1)

To look blank means that modern children show no sign of understanding or emotion about the corporate

workplace, they seem unresponsive and have blank looks.

Someone who is dispirited does not have the hope, enthusiasm or interest that they had earlier; they are in

low spirits or downhearted.

3 The parent could take his offspring to his place of business and let him watch while he repaired a

buggy or built a table. (Para 2)

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

A buggy is a vehicle used for babies and toddlers by carers (parents, grandparents and adults in caring

professions), to push them around. It is also called a pushchair. In the US, it is called a stroller.

4 When a child asked 󰀀 his father could answer in terms that a child could come to grips with, such

as 󰀀I fix steam engines󰀀 or 󰀀I make horse collars󰀀. (Para 3)

The expression come to grips with normally means to face up to a problem, situation or difficult job and

deal with it. Here, it means that someone gets to understand something that is difficult or unpleasant. It has

the similar meaning as to come to terms with, tackle, handle, manage etc.

Horse collars are made of leather and fit around animals’ necks to allow them to pull heavy things. When

horses are used to pull carts or carriages they wear horse collars. Here, in corporate America, this is a

deliberate image of something very old-fashioned, just like steam engines. 5 How can he possibly envision anyone analyzing a system or researching a market? (Para 5)

The word envision is a verb which means to show a visual scene in your mind, to imagine something that

is outside your experience, which has not happened or does not exist.

6 Even grown men 󰀀 and it is a safe bet that the average systems analyst is as baffled about what a

space salesman does at the shop as the average space salesman is about the tools needed to analyze a system. (Para 6)

The expression it is a safe bet means that the speaker or writer is sure about something (they would be

willing to risk money to confirm it).

Changing times Unit 4 117

A space salesman deals with the arrangements for the use of space in offices and other places: How many

rooms might be needed for what purposes, what sorts of work people do in particular offices and how the

office furniture and equipment can best be arranged for the maximum effectiveness, how much it costs

to rent or use office accommodation in different parts of a city ... But probably, a space salesman mainly

deals with people who want to rent office space.

In this sentence the writer is saying he is quite sure that neither the systems analyst nor the space

salesman knows about each other’s work and what they actually do. 新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

7 The machines that make things make them in such a fashion that they will quickly fall apart in

such a way that repairs will be prohibitively expensive. (Para 7) The expression in such a fashion means in a particular way or manner.

The cost is prohibitively expensive when it prevents you from buying something, as it is beyond the limits

of what you can afford. Or, we may say the cost is prohibitive.

The sentence means that the machines make things in such a way that they will break or fall into pieces

so that they can’t be cheaply repaired. It is implied that the things are made to be short-lasting so that the

manufacturers can sell more later.

8 The handful of people remotely associated with these machines can, of course, tell their inquisitive

children 󰀀Daddy makes junk󰀀. (Para 8)

Inquisitive children are those who like to ask lots of questions, especially things that adults do not want to talk about.

9 Most of the workforce, however, is too remote from junk production to sense any contribution to the industry. (Para8)

The sentence means most workers are distant from the process of junk production so they do not feel that

their work has any part in it.

10 Others telephone to ascertain the whereabouts of paper. (Para 12) The expression ascertain the whereabouts of something means to find out where something is.

11 Back at the office, the father orders the paper retyped and reproduced in quintuplicate, and then

sent to another man for comparison with paper that was reproduced in triplicate last year. (Para 16)

The word quintuplicate means that something is made into five copies. To quadruplicate means to make

into four copies; triplicate three copies; and duplicate two copies.

Dealing with unfamiliar words

4 Match the words in the box with their definitions. 1 old, broken or useless things (junk)

2 relating to large companies, or a particular large company (corporate) 3 to not approve of someone or something (disapprove)

4 to form a picture of someone or something in your mind (visualize)

5 an agreement in which you risk an amount of money by saying what you think will happen (bet)

6 to find out something (ascertain)

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

7 the space at the left or right side of a page where words are not usually printed or written (margin)

8 to discuss something with other people in order to reach a decision (confer) 9 important, respected, and admired (eminent)

10 to twist your face into an expression that shows you are angry (scowl)

5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 4. 1 It’s not easy to visualize what life was like in the age of the steam engine.

2 If you disapprove of these plans, you should let me know exactly what you find wrong with them.

3 Thomas’ room is full of junk like broken electrical equipment and old computer parts he doesn’t need.

4 My bet is that this type of job won’t give you much satisfaction.

5 We’re going to need some time to confer with our lawyers before we make a decision. 6 The margins of the pages in this document have all been written on.

7 We can’t accept your application, without ascertaining the authenticity of your qualifications.

8 It was a corporate decision to close the bank, not the choice of any individual. 9 She’s a very nice person, and a very eminent professor. 10 Why is he scowling at me? What have I done?

6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the following words. You may need to make other changes.

1 A curious child is often eager to inquire about the jobs their parents do. (inquisitive) An inquisitive child is often eager to inquire about the jobs their parents do.

2 Most people think the decision they took is impossible to understand. (incomprehensible) 3 Could you write down any ideas you have during the meeting on this piece of paper? (jot) 4 You are very careful about noticing details if you can remember exactly what the manager was wearing. (observant)

5 I’m afraid we don’t know the place where Helen is right now. (whereabouts) I’m afraid we don’t know the whereabouts of Helen.

Changing times Unit 4 119

6 Don’t be unhappy and lacking in enthusiasm. I’m sure one of the applications will be successful. (dispirited)

7 I’d like to buy an open top car, but they’re all so terribly expensive. (prohibitively) 7 Answer the questions about the expressions.

1 If you look blank about something, do you (a) understand, or (b) not understand it?

2 If you come to grips with a problem, do you (a) start to deal with it, or (b) stop thinking about it?

3 When something falls apart, is it (a) in the wrong place, or (b) broken?

4 When something wears out, does it (a) not look very nice, or (b) become old and unusable? 5 If you mull over a problem, do you (a) think carefully about it for a long time, or (b)

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

quickly solve it?

6 Do people sometimes say “It beats me” because they (a) understand, or (b) don’t understand something?

Active reading (2)

Language points

1 There󰀀s nothing new about our obsession with the new, says Dominic Sandbrook. (Introduction)

Obsession is an emotional state in which someone or something is so important that you are always

thinking about them, in a way that seems extreme to other people.

2 We live in a world of unprecedented, dazzling change. (Para 1) The word unprecedented means never having happened or existed before, eg an unprecedented situation, an unprecedented change.

3 Thanks to globalization, national frontiers are collapsing around us, while technological innovations

are fundamentally reshaping our lives in ways we can barely comprehend. (Para 1)

Because of the situation of globalization – that the whole world is developing a single complex economy,

communication system and culture – it seems that there are no national borders and new technologies are

influencing our lives in basic ways which we cannot really understand. 4 So run the clichés, anyway. (Para 2)

A cliché refers to a phrase or idea that is boring because people use it a lot, and it is no longer original and

sounds empty. The expression so run the clichés means these are the clichés you often hear.

5 But it is only our obsession with novelty, ignorance of deeper historical patterns and arrogant

insistence on our own importance that leads us into this kind of talk. (Para 2)

Historical patterns refer to major events in history which make patterns because they are related to each other or similar.

Changing times Unit 4 125

6 Yet there is a good case that we do not, in fact, live in very interesting times at all. (Para 2)

A case here is a set of facts or arguments that you can state for or against something. A case for 新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

something is positive support or a good case; a case against something is a

counter-argument or reasons why the case is not valid; a poor case is weak and does not have solid facts or reasons behind it. You can

state, make or argue a case.

7 Take the example of globalization, which, according to its American champion, Thomas Friedman ...

influencing 󰀀the politics, environment, geopolitics and economics of virtually every country in the world󰀀. (Para 3)

The word champion here refers to someone who publicly supports or defends a set of beliefs or political

aims, ie a strong supporter.

Geopolitics means the study of how a country’s position, economy or population can influence its

politics, especially in relation to other countries. 8 The Roman Empire, for example, is nothing if not a multi-ethnic, multicultural, transnational

entity 󰀀 (Para 4)

The word transnational means affecting or involving several countries. The prefix trans- means across.

9 And for all the hype about the Internet, the brutal truth is that most of us use it to do remarkably

old-fashioned things ... (Para 6)

Hype refers to the use of a lot of advertisements or other publicity to influence or interest people. To hype up means to make something sound more interesting or impressive than it is.

The brutal truth refers to the truth that is extremely honest, given in a way that seems unkind.

10 We are always being told that the Internet has 󰀀opened up󰀀 the world, yet a staggering 90 per cent

of all web traffic is local. (Para 6)

The word staggering means extremely surprising. Many people would think that much or most use, or

traffic, of the World Wide Web would be global or international, but the writer says that, surprisingly, 90 per cent is local.

11 When Stanley Kubrick󰀀s film 2001: A Space Odyssey 󰀀 talking to sentient computers and living on the Moon. (Para 7)

Sentient computers are computers which are capable of feeling things through the physical senses.

12 But the cinema-goers of 1968 would have been deeply disappointed to realize that in fact they

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

would be living in Milton Keynes and watching Midsomer Murders. (Para 7) This sentence presents a contrast with the previous sentence which gave a picture that people had in 1968

of possibly going into space. Instead, their future turned out to be living in a very ordinary town of many

new streets which all seem identical (like Milton Keynes) and watching detective stories about rural

villages on TV (like Midsomer Murders, a TV series based in rural southern England). 13 Even our neophilia is nothing new. (Para 8)

The prefix neo- means modern or new. The suffix -phile describes someone who loves or likes something;

thus an anglophile likes English things, a francophile likes French things, a sinophile likes Chinese

things. The word neophilia means the love of new things or novelties. 14 If so, then we are lucky, because we don󰀀t. (Para 10)

We are lucky because we don’t live in interesting times, which means we should avoid the chaos and

anxiety of interesting times.

Dealing with unfamiliar words

5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.

1 an emotional state in which someone or something is so important to you that you are always thinking

about them (obsession)

2 the study of the way that goods and services are produced and sold and the way money is managed (economics)

3 to proudly tell other people about what you have done or can do, or about something you own (boast)

4 a car (automobile)

5 an area or town near a large city but away from its centre, where there are many houses, especially for

middle-class people (suburb)

6 a new idea, method, piece of equipment etc (innovation)

7 something that you suggest is true, although you do not say it directly (implication) 8 the limits of your experience (horizons)

6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 5. 1 The middle-class dream used to be to live in a peaceful suburb and own a new automobile. 2 Today we have an obsession with healthy lifestyles and the latest technological innovations. 3 He has good reason to boast about the progress he has made in his career.

4 The implication is obvious: We are beginning to understand the impact of globalization. 5 Most of us need a professor of economics to explain how our horizons have been pushed back by the

opening up of new world markets.

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes. Teaching tips

Ss need to realize that some adjectives, eg unprecedented and plausible, that you are going to insert

should go before the nouns.

1 The water has risen to levels which we have never seen before. (unprecedented levels) The water has risen to unprecedented levels.

2 Can you give me any reason which I can believe to explain what has happened? (plausible reason)

Can you give me any plausible reason to explain what has happened?

3 I think that the decision was based on the fact that he doesn’t know anything. (his ignorance)

I think that the decision was based on his ignorance.

4 The news you’ve just given me is absolutely incredible. (staggering)

5 I hope this crisis will be followed by a period in which there is no change. (stability) 6 Are computers the best thing that ever happened to us, or a piece of bad luck caused by someone who

wants to hurt us? (curse)

8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions. Teaching tips

To go over the answers, T gives ten Ss a number, each between one and ten. T calls “One”, then S1 reads

Question 1 to the class. He / She should choose the correct answer and make it a complete sentence. T

calls “Two” and S2 reads Question 2 etc. T doesn’t need to say anything unless a student gives a wrong

answer. In that case, T should ask other Ss to help them.

Changing times Unit 4 129

1 If a change is dazzling, is it (a) very impressive, or (b) not impressive at all?

2 If you use clichés in your writing, does your writing (a) contain some boring words or ideas that

people have used a lot, or (b) contain lots of fresh thoughts?

3 If someone is arrogant, do they think that they (a) never, or (b) always know better than everyone else?

4 Is an entity something that (a) has, or (b) doesn’t have internal unity? 5 If you behave in a brutal way, are you (a) very gentle, or (b) very violent?

6 Do people who always grumble never seem (a) happy, or (b) unhappy about anything? 7 If you brag about something, do you talk (a) in a proud way that annoys people, or (b) patiently

because it is hard to understand?

8 Is the advent of something another way of talking about (a) the appearance, or (b) the

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

disappearance of something?

9 If you refer to the magnitude of a problem, do you think that it might be (a) big, or (b) small?

10 If something happens in the wake of something else, does it (a) come before it, or (b) follow it?

Language in use

in such a way / fashion that …

1 Rewrite the sentences using in such a way / fashion that …

1 Because of the way this office is built, it is difficult to avoid wasting energy on heating. This office is built in such a way that it is difficult to avoid wasting energy on heating. 2 Due to the way in which the instructions were written, I couldn’t understand how to assemble the product.

The instructions were written in such a fashion that I couldn’t understand how to assemble the product.

3 Because of the way in which they welcomed me, I immediately felt at home in the new office.

They welcomed me in such a way that I immediately felt at home in the new office.

4 Due to the way in which problems are dealt with, it is unlikely that the top managers ever get to know about them.

The problems are dealt with in such a fashion that it is unlikely that the top managers ever get to know about them.

5 Because of the way in which I was taught English, I will probably never forget it. I was taught English in such a way that I will probably never forget it.

word formation: in-, un-, dis-

2 Look at the sentences from the passage Work in corporate America and answer the question.

What do the prefixes in-, un- and dis- have in common? They are all negative prefixes meaning not.

3 Replace the underlined words with the word in brackets and the appropriate prefix. You may need to make other changes.

1 I’m afraid Matthew has turned out to be no good at his job. (competent) I’m afraid Matthew has turned out to be incompetent at his job.

2 I don’t have the same opinion as you. I think he’s doing fine. (agree) I disagree with you. I think he’s doing fine.

3 If you click here, you can cancel the last change you made to the document. (do) 新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

If you click here, you can undo the last change you made to the document. 4 How many people are without a job in this town? (employed) How many people are unemployed in this town?

5 I didn’t know that you had introduced all these new rules. (aware) I was unaware that you had introduced all these new rules.

6 Obviously, it wasn’t our intention not to obey the orders. (obey) Obviously, it wasn’t our intention to disobey the orders.

Unit 4 Changing times 134

7 I’ve had a look at the report and I think it is not complete. (complete) I’ve had a look at the report and I think it is incomplete.

8 I don’t know my colleagues very well, but I don’t have any bad feelings towards them. (like)

I don’t know my colleagues very well, but I don’t dislike them.

9 I’m afraid that software is not compatible with our system. (compatible) I’m afraid that software is incompatible with our system.

for all + noun phrase

4 Rewrite the sentences using for all + noun phrase.

1 Although we are concerned about the environment, there is little that we can do to protect it. For all our concern about the environment, there is little that we can do to protect it.

2 He has a lot of knowledge about the world of finance, but he doesn’t seem to know how to invest money wisely.

For all his knowledge about the world of finance, he doesn’t seem to know how to invest money wisely.

3 Although she said a lot of kind words, I don’t think she really appreciated just how much time we had

spent on this project.

For all her kind words, I don’t think she really appreciated just how much time we had spent on this project.

4 He has hundreds of bright ideas about developing new products, but he never seems able to put them

down on paper.

For all his bright ideas about developing new products, he never seems able to put them down on paper.

5 I do have a lot of doubts about this new software, but I recognize that it is quite innovative. For all my doubts about this new software, I recognize that it is quite innovative.

as + adj. … as

5 Rewrite the sentences using as + adj. … as.

1 I am confused about how to apply for the job. Similarly, they are confused about who can apply.

I am as confused about how to apply for the job as they are about who can apply.

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

2 My wife and I were worried about staying longer than we were supposed to. Similarly, our hosts were

worried that we might not have enjoyed the meal.

My wife and I were as worried about staying longer as our hosts were that we might not have enjoyed the meal.

3 Our generation knows little about cassette recorders and record players. Similarly our parents know

little about iPods and MP3 players.

Our generation knows as little about cassette recorders and record players as our parents know about

iPods and MP3 players.

4 We are curious about what he does for a living. Similarly, he is curious about what our company does.

We are as curious about what he does for a living as he is about what our company does.

Changing times Unit 4 135

5 I have very little idea about how to shoe a horse. Similarly, he doesn’t have much idea about how to

repair a motorbike.

I have as little idea about how to shoe a horse as he has about how to repair a motorbike.

collocations

6 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.

1 margin This word usually means the space at the side of a page where you don’t write anything.

(a) Do you have a habit of jotting notes in the margin when reading books?

Yes, I do. But other people just take notes on a separate piece of paper because they don’t want to

spoil the book.

(b) If you win an election by a narrow margin, how big is the victory? The victory is not big; it is just a narrow or close victory.

They may face social and economic problems because they have fewer opportunities and may find

it difficult to join the mainstream society.

(d) If the margin of error in a calculation is very small, what are the chances that the calculation is wrong?

The chances are small and any errors are likely to be very small.

2 ignorance This word usually means lack of knowledge or facts about something. (a) If an answer that you give betrays your ignorance, how do you feel?

You feel embarrassed because your answer has shown people your ignorance and most people do

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

not like to show this in public.

(b) Do you think that ignorance of the law can ever be an excuse for breaking it?

It’s a human excuse because it means that you didn’t know the law on that point, but it is not a legal excuse.

(c) Do you know of any decisions that have been taken but which were based on ignorance? Yes. In the early days of the stock market in China, some people bought shares in the belief that all

shares would make money quickly, but later they lost money when the shares lost value. They bought

the shares in ignorance about how the market works and they had little idea of the risks. 3 sheer This word is usually used for emphasizing the amount or degree of something. (a) If somebody tells you that your company is sheer delight, how would you feel? I would feel complimented because that’s a nice thing to say to anyone.

(b) If you were overcome by sheer weight of numbers, was it the quality or quantity of the opposition

that defeated you?

It would have been the quantity of the opposition, eg the large number of opponents. (c) Do you think it is easy to climb a sheer cliff face?

Not at all, because that kind of cliff is nearly vertical and it is very difficult to climb without training.

Unit 4 Changing times 136

7 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.

1 Even grown men who do market research have trouble visualizing what a public relations man does

with his day, and it is a safe bet that the average systems analyst is as baffled about what a space

salesman does at the shop as the average space salesman is about the tools needed to analyze a system.

即使是那些从事市场研究工作的成年人也难很想象公关部的人每天都在做些什么。一名普通的系统

分析师肯定不知道空间推销员在店里都干些什么，就好像空间推销员对分析系统的工具也一窍不通一样。

2 So run the clichés, anyway. But it is only our obsession with novelty, ignorance of deeper historical

patterns and arrogant insistence on our own importance that leads us into this kind of talk. Hoping

to prove our superiority over the generations that preceded us, we boast that we live in a period of

unprecedented change. Yet there is a good case that we do not, in fact, live in very interesting times at all.

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

不管怎么说，这就是那耳熟能详的套话。可是，让我们有这种论调的正是缘自我们对新奇事物的过度迷恋，对深层次历史模式的无知，以及我们的狂妄自大。为了证明相比于先辈们的优越性，我们

夸耀说自己生活在一个前所未有的变革期。但是，有一个很好的例子可以用来证明，实际上我们并

没有生活在多么有趣的时代。

8 Translate the paragraphs into English. 1 我们根本就看不懂他们的计划书，因为他们的观点不太容易把握。这很可能是因为我们双方对于

另一方的思维方式都感到同样的困惑。我认为应该安排一次面谈，让大家消除误会，扫除沟通的

障碍。(make of; come to grips with; it’s a safe bet that; as baffled … as)

We couldn’t make of their proposal at all, because it was no easy job for us to come to grips with

their perspective. It was a safe bet that we were as much baffled about their way of thinking as they

were about ours. I think we need to arrange a meeting to clear up misunderstandings and to remove

communication barriers.

2 从与他共事二十多年的一位同事所写的传记中不难得出这样的结论：他所代表的绝对是该国二战之

后的精英阶层，他们在宗教和政治方面的观念较为保守。(nothing if not; in the wake of; in terms of)

From a biography written by one of his former colleagues who had worked with him for more than two

decades, it is not difficult to conclude that what he represented was nothing if not the elite class of the

country in the wake of World War II, who were rather conservative in terms of religious and political views.

Unit5

Active reading (1)

Language points

1 It was snowing heavily 󰀀 not just to track down the last-minute presents, but to escape the bitter cold 󰀀 (Para 1)

To track down means to find something or someone after a long search. At Christmas many people give a lot of thought to find the right gift and buy presents well in advance,

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

others wait and buy something at the last opportunity on Dec 24th to buy the last-minute presents.

A place in society Unit 5 157

2 He was not yet enjoying the Christmas spirit ... albeit a working dinner at Joanne󰀀s. (Para 2)

The word albeit is used for introducing a comment that slightly changes or reduces the effect of a previous

remark, like even if it is / although …

3 He was from a hard-working family in upstate Virginia 󰀀 (Para 2) The word upstate means the place is in the northern part of a particular state in the US.

4 But his demeanor concealed a Harvard law degree and an internship in DC with a congressman, a

junior partnership in a New York law firm, along with a razor-sharp intellect and an ability to think on his feet. (Para 2)

Partnership refers to the position of being one of two or more people who own a company as partners.

A junior partner is a newer or younger partner who has less responsibility or fewer shares than a senior partner.

A razor-sharp intellect is a very intelligent mind, which is quick to think and react; it is as sharp as a razor.

The ability to think on one󰀀s feet means being able to think quickly in unexpected situations.

5 Senator Rogers was a Democrat 󰀀 who knew Capitol Hill inside out but who had nevertheless

managed to keep her credibility with her voters as a Washington outsider. (Para 3)

To know something inside out means to know something very well.

A Washington outsider refers to someone who is outside the central groups or members of political circles

in Washington and is therefore possibly independent.

Senator Rogers was in her third term of office (ie she had been a senator for at least eight years) and she

knew the Senate and the government institutions in Washington thoroughly. Still, she had kept an image

with voters that she was an outsider (ie she had not been affected negatively by knowing Washington too

well or by becoming too much like other politicians).

6 She was pro-abortion, anti-corruption, pro-low carbon emissions and anti-capital punishment, as

fine a progressive liberal as you could find this side of the Atlantic. (Para 3)

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

The prefix pro- means in favour of something or someone. The prefix anti- means against. Pro-abortion,

anti-corruption, pro-low carbon emissions and anti-capital punishment, all of these examples have been

seen as important political issues in the US, which are debated in political campaigns and therefore

politicians are generally expected to take a position on them. For example, Senator Rogers was in favour

of reducing carbon emissions – the output of CO2 into the atmosphere, because she was aware of the

negative effect of high emissions on climate change. A progressive liberal is someone who believes in social or political change if most people want it,

especially change that makes a system fairer.

The expression this side of the Atlantic refers to North America. The other side of the Atlantic would be in

Europe, and vice versa for speakers in Europe.

7 It was election time in the following year, and the word was she was going to run for the Democratic nomination. (Para 3) The expression the word was means there was some talk that …, or people were saying that …

Unit 5 A place in society 158

The Democratic nomination here refers to the official approval of a candidate for the president by

the Democratic party. The nomination takes place officially during the Democratic convention before

a presidential election campaign. Up to that point, there are candidates who run or compete for the

nomination, later the Presidential candidates run for President. There are parallel processes in the

Republican party.

8 He󰀀d never been to Joanne󰀀s 󰀀 which had often been maligned, or its jazz orchestra, which had a

guest slot for a well-known movie director who played trumpet, but because of the stellar quality

of its sophisticated guests: politicians, diplomats, movie actors, hall-of-fame athletes, journalists,

writers, rock stars and Nobel Prize winners 󰀀 in short, anyone who was anyone in this city of power brokers. (Para 4)

To malign means to say unpleasant things about something or someone, usually unfairly. A guest slot refers to a guest appearance as a particular occasion in a series of performances or

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

programmes.

The expression anyone who is anyone means any really important person or someone with a well-known name.

Power brokers are the people who control or influence which people get political power in an area.

The sentence means he knew the reputation of the restaurant for its famous guests; its reputation was not

for its food or live music (which included a jazz orchestra in which a famous film director sometimes

played). The guests included politicians, diplomats, actors, journalists, writers, musicians and scientists –

anyone who is well-known in Washington, a city in which many people are powerful or influential in the government.

9 Inside, the restaurant was heaving with people. (Para 5)

The expression heaving with people means crowds of people are pushing and pulling, moving up and down.

10 󰀀Good evening Miss Bacall, good evening Mr Hanks,󰀀 and clicked his fingers to summon another

waiter to show them to their table. (Para 8)

Miss Bacall and Mr Hanks may be oblique references to film stars Lauren Bacall and Tom Hanks.

To click one󰀀s fingers means to make a noise with one’s fingers as a signal to summon or call someone.

11 The head waiter blinked, and swallowed hard. (Para 22)

To blink means to close and open one’s eyes quickly. Here, this shows surprise.

To swallow hard means to make a movement in the throat as if swallowing food. Here this shows

embarrassment – Alberto realized he has made a mistake.

12 In a classless society, Rogers was the closest thing to aristocracy that America had. (Para 23)

America has a reputation for being classless, ie it doesn’t have such social classes as European countries

are supposed to have. This means that there are no people like aristocrats, but Senator Rogers was so

distinguished that she seemed like an aristocrat, or very nearly an aristocrat.

13 Alberto hovered for a moment, then went to speak to a colleague. (Para 23) To hover means to wait or stay for a moment while somebody decides what to do. This shows that he or

she is unsure for the moment.

A place in society Unit 5 159

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

Reading and understanding

2 Answer the questions.

1 Where and when is the story set?

The story is set in Joanne’s, a famous restaurant in New York on Christmas Eve. 2 Who is Josh?

Josh is a smart, hard-working lawyer in his early thirties. He is an African-American. 3 Why does he go to Joanne’s? He has an appointment at Joanne’s. 4 Who is Jo Rogers?

Jo Rogers is a senior Senator in Washington and a well-known person in America. 5 How does the head waiter greet Josh?

He greets Josh very badly. He has a disdainful, superior attitude towards Josh and behaves rudely.

6 Where does he eventually seat him?

At the back of the restaurant, close to the bathroom, near a half-opened window through which an icy

breeze is blowing.

7 What does everyone do when Jo arrives?

Everybody becomes silent and turns to look at her and greets her with silent applause. 8 What suggestion does the head waiter make?

He suggests that they should sit at a better table in the middle of the restaurant, from which she can see

everybody, or everybody can see her. 9 Does Jo accept the invitation?

No, she says the waiter brought her friend to that table, so they will stay there. 3 Choose the best summary of the passage. Teaching tips

Ask Ss to give reasons why the other two summaries are not the best ones. Please see comments below.

1 It’s Christmas time, and a young man comes into a very busy restaurant. The head waiter shows him to a

table by an open window. A little later a well-known politician comes in and says she is dining with the

young man. The head waiter suggests moving them both to a more comfortable table, but the politician

declines the offer, saying that she’s happy to stay there if her friend is happy there too. Comment: It summarizes some of the points. But the final sentence is wrong: The Senator doesn’t give

any conditions about staying at the table, she just says they will stay where the waiter seated her friend.

2 A well-known politician arranges a meeting with a young man. She wants him to help her in her election

campaign to become US President. They arrange to meet in a crowded restaurant, where they 新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

can speak

informally. The waiter doesn’t recognize the young man, and seats him at the worst table in the room,

but when the politician arrives he realizes his mistake, as he knows the two need to be comfortable to discuss politics.

Comment: This is partially wrong and fails to capture the main idea, they arrange to meet at Joanne’s

because it is a famous restaurant.

Unit 5 A place in society 160

3 When a young black man arrives in a crowded and expensive restaurant, the head waiter makes him sit

in the least comfortable place, even though a table has been booked for him and a “Ms Rogers”. When

Ms Rogers arrives, the waiter realizes that she is a well-known politician; and Ms Rogers realizes that

her friend has been treated badly because of the colour of his skin. The waiter realizes his mistake too,

and tries to make up for it, but it is too late.

Comments: This is the best summary because it captures the main point about the treatment of Josh.

The passage does not actually state that he was treated badly because of the colour of his skin, but it is

implied and in the context it is likely to be the point of the story.

Dealing with unfamiliar words

4 Match the words in the box with their definitions. Teaching tips

• To vary the way of doing the activity, ask Ss to work in pairs. Student A randomly picks a word in the

box and asks Student B about the meaning. Student B listens and finds the appropriate answer among

the definitions. The point is that Ss should interact with each other. For example: A: Can you tell me the meaning of 󰀀sophisticated󰀀? B: Yes, just a moment 󰀀 it means knowing and understanding a lot about a complicated subject. That󰀀s No 3. A: OK, thanks. (writes 3 beside the word)

• In order to give the class an example, T may ask one pair to repeat the dialogue to the class. They

should try to speak fluently.

1 money or goods that you give to an organization, especially one that helps people (donation)

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

2 involving or done with a lot of energy, effort, attention etc (intense)

3 knowing and understanding a lot about a complicated subject (sophisticated)

4 supporting social and political change that aims to make a system fairer (progressive) 5 capable of doing something in a satisfactory or effective way (competent)

6 a new member of a company or an organization, especially someone who has recently joined (recruit)

7 to deliberately make someone feel frightened, especially so that they will do what you want (intimidate)

8 to experience or deal with something, especially a problem (encounter)

5 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4. There are two big political parties in the United States: the Republican party, which is traditionally

the more conservative of the two, and the Democratic party, which is said to be more (1) progressive.

One of the most interesting and (2) intense moments in American political life is the election campaign

which comes before the presidential elections. Both parties need a lot of money to pay for the campaign,

for which they rely on (3) donations made by individuals and organizations. They also need a lot of new

(4) recruits to work on the campaign. These people are usually young, intelligent and hard-working,

(5) competent in their jobs and not easily (6) intimidated, since they are likely to (7) encounter a lot of

problems which have to be resolved quickly. But they also need to be highly (8) sophisticated, to be

able to understand what the American people want, and to communicate with them through the style and

organization of the election campaign.

A place in society Unit 5 161

Additional activity

When Ss have completed Activity 5, ask them to work in pairs and prepare a brief presentation for

Cultural Encounters, a slot in a Chinese TV show which gives insights into other cultures around the

world. Each pair should discuss and think of an interesting way to present the information in Activity 5, eg to

make it an interview, a conversation, or a monologue to the camera. Ss will need to introduce the information

and make conclusions using their own words. Choose one or two pairs to make presentations. For example:

A: And now it󰀀s time for Cultural Encounters, a brief look at cultures around the world. Today we share 新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

some insights into election campaigns in the US 󰀀 I am with Miss Xie who is from Washington DC, the city at the heart of American politics. So, Miss Xie, can you tell us about the two main political parties? B: Yes. There are two big political parties ... A: And what about the election campaigns? B: The election campaigns are certainly one of the most interesting and intense moments in American political life ... A: And I gather the parties use volunteer recruits? ... A: Well, that󰀀s all for now. Thank you very much, Miss Xie. Please join us again next time for Cultural Encounters when we will be taking a look at the Brazilian carnival in Rio de Janeiro 󰀀 6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.

1 She’s a pleasant young woman, who is always very good company. (agreeable) She’s an agreeable young woman, who is always very good company.

2 I’m afraid the reasons he gave me for not coming to the meeting were silly and unreasonabe. (laughable)

3 It is important to fight dishonest and illegal behaviour by officials. (corruption) 4 It’s freezing out here, I’m shaking with cold. (shivering)

5 You might find someone to help you in the office, but I’m not sure. (doubtful) 6 The attendant moved his shoulders up to suggest that he didn’t know the answer. (shrugged)

7 Don’t be so annoyed because the service is slow, you won’t miss your flight. (impatient) 8 The sound of people clapping at the end of the Senator’s speech lasted for five minutes. (applause)

7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions. Teaching tips

As an efficient way to go over the answer, choose nine Ss and assign each one a number. Each student

then gives the answer in the form of a complete sentence. T just calls out the numbers and say nothing

unless there is a problem.

1 If you track down something, do you (a) find it, or (b) lose it after a long search?

2 Does someone who thinks on their feet make decisions (a) quickly, or (b) slowly? 3 If you know something inside out, do you know it (a) only in part, or (b) very well? 4 If you are in the running for a job, do you have (a) some chance, or (b) no chance of being chosen?

5 Is a hall-of-fame athlete someone who will be (a) quickly forgotten, or (b) remembered

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

for a long time?

6 If the market is heaving with people, (a) is there a crowd of people there, or (b) are there not many people there?

Unit 5 A place in society 162

7 If you summon someone, do you want them to (a) come to see you immediately, or (b) go away?

8 If you refrain from doing something, do you (a) do it, or (b) not do it?

9 If there is a flurry of activity, do a lot of things happen (a) all at once, or (b) over a long period of time?

Active reading (2) Language points

1 The company sent one of their engineers 󰀀 where he was introduced to a small Saudi engineering firm 󰀀 (Para 1)

The word Saudi is the adjective about the country of Saudi Arabia, used to describe the people and related

matters, but not the language. Its language is Arabic, spoken as the major language in the Middle East and North Africa.

2 This annoyed Johannesson and his superiors 󰀀 but the Saudis wanted the intermediary to be there. (Para 1)

An intermediary is a go-between (Para 4, Line 6), someone who talks to each of the people or groups

involved in business or other matters, usually passing information from one to the other or trying to

persuade them to agree with each other. So this person mediates between them.

3 Just when Johannesson󰀀s superiors started to doubt the wisdom of the corporation󰀀s investment in

these expensive trips, a telex arrived from Riyadh ... (Para 2)

To doubt the wisdom means people are not at all sure about the judgment or decision.

4 When he came to Riyadh it appeared that the conflict was over a minor issue and could easily be resolved 󰀀 (Para 3)

A conflict could be resolved. Apart from resolving a conflict, other collocations worth noting are that

conflicts can be solved, settled or handled. Problems can lead to, create or provoke conflicts or become a source of conflict, and conflicts might be avoided, averted or prevented.

Unit 5 A place in society 168

5 This is known in cultural anthropology as the extended family. (Para 5)

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

The extended family is usually the wider family members of a married couple and children, with

grandparents and perhaps uncles, aunts and in-laws who live together or are in regular contact. The nuclear family (Para 6, Line 9) is a married couple and their children only, in the classical definition in sociology.

6 The 󰀀we󰀀 group is distinct from other people in society who belong to 󰀀they󰀀 groups, of which there

are many. The 󰀀we󰀀 group (or in-group) is the major source of one󰀀s identity 󰀀 (Para 5)

The in-group is the 󰀀we󰀀 group to which people feel they belong to first for their identity. The

complementary group is the out-group or the 󰀀they󰀀 group to which the in-group may sometimes be

opposed, or at other times the in-group is just a tighter group within many larger out-groups.

Reading and understanding

3 Choose the best answer to the questions. 1 Who was Johannesson?

(a) A businessman with good contacts in Saudi Arabia. (b) An engineer who lived in Saudi Arabia.

(d) A 30-year-old Swede with a British university degree. 2 Why was he sent to Saudi Arabia?

(a) To work for a Saudi engineering firm.

(b) To work on a project funded by the Saudi government.

3 Why wasn’t he happy about the meetings with the Saudis? (a) The Saudis spent too much time laughing and joking. (b) The trips to Saudi Arabia were long and tiring. (c) The Saudi brothers didn’t speak good English. (d) Another Swedish man was always present. 4 What happened after the contract was signed?

(a) Johannesson lost his job with the Swedish corporation. (b) The Swedish businessman returned to Sweden.

(d) The Swedish corporation stopped doing business in Saudi Arabia. 5 Why was Johannesson sent to work in a different division? (a) As a reward for getting the contract with the Saudis. (b) Because he wasn’t suited to work with the Saudis. (c) Because he had become too friendly with the Saudis. (d) Because he had got too frustrated by the experience in Saudi Arabia. 6 Why was he asked to return to Saudi Arabia? 新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

(a) The corporation wanted him to start a new project.

(b) There was a lot of new work to do so two people were needed.

(c) The engineer who replaced Johannesson fell ill and had to go home. (d) The Saudis trusted only Johannesson to sort out a small problem.

A place in society Unit 5 169

4 Work in pairs and answer the questions.

1 Why don’t Saudis like doing business with a company? They want to work with an individual that they know and trust.

2 Which type of group is a company: a “we” group or a “they” group? A company is a “they” group unless it is a small company. 3 What type of family is there in a collectivist society?

Families in collectivist societies are usually “extended”, ie they consist of a larger number of people

living closely together.

4 How does an in-group give people protection from the hardships of life?

By being a focus of loyalty and through the help that members give to each other. 5 In what type of society is there nuclear family? In individualist societies.

6 Why aren’t people supposed to be dependent on a group in an individualist society? They are supposed to be able to stand on their own feet.

Dealing with unfamiliar words

5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.

1 support that you always give to someone or something because of your feelings of duty and love

towards them (loyalty)

2 to give someone the ability or opportunity to do something (enable)

3 a company that sells the same goods or services as another company (competitor)

4 a written legal agreement between two people or businesses that says what each must do for the other or

give to the other (contract)

5 the control and operation of a business or organization (management) 6 money used in a way that may earn you more money (investment)

6 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 5. A Does your company do a lot of business abroad?

B Yes, it does. We’ve recently signed a number of (1) contracts in the Middle East. A So you’re making a major (2) investment in that area?

B Yes, we are. We also have a lot of (3) competitors in our line of business, so it won’t be easy.

A Have you ever thought of working for one of them?

B Not really, I’ve got a certain amount of (4) loyalty to my own company. I think that I’ve been treated

rather well by the (5) management. And if things go well, the new project I’m working on 新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

should

(6) enable me to get promotion quite quickly. Additional activity

Acting on the radio

When Ss have completed the activity, tell them it is time to perform as radio broadcasters. Ask them to

read the whole conversation in pairs with as much fluency as they can, like reading a radio script. Later,

Unit 5 A place in society 170

after Ss have practised for a short time, ask one pair to perform to the class. T has to introduce their

performance as an extract from a radio script. Finally, ask the class for any comments: Did it sound like a

radio broadcast? How could the actors improve their reading? 7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box. You may

need to make other changes.

1 These 2,000 words form the most basic part of the English language. (core)

2 Some British people think belonging to the European Union is vital to the UK’s national interests.

(membership)

Some British people think membership of the European Union is vital to the UK’s national interests.

3 The process of sending the books may take up to two weeks. (delivery of) The delivery of the books may take up to two weeks.

4 They said they would cancel the contract if they weren’t paid by next Thursday. (threatened to)

They threatened to cancel the contract if they weren’t paid by next Thursday.

5 Can’t you see the positive side? You always spend time talking about the bad things. (dwell on)

6 Your inner strength will enable you to overcome life’s obstacles. (prevail over) Additional activity

Vocabulary challenge

This activity aims to encourage Ss to use the words in Activity 5 and Activity 7 productively. Ask Ss to

work in pairs and think about the words in the box. Ask them to make one sentence that includes all the

words in the box. After a brief period of time, ask a few pairs to tell the class their examples. The class

listen to each example carefully and check whether all the six words are used. Finally, the class decide

which is the best sentence and might be said in the appropriate context – this means Ss have to imagine a

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

possible context. And ask some Ss to repeat the best sentence. Example 1 (Activity 5):

Several competitors all wanted the contract, but the management felt particular loyalty to just one investment company so they enabled that company to win the contract. Example 2 (Activity 5):

Personally, I don󰀀t think you should enable your friend to make an investment just because of loyalty to a company with bad management; rather she should make the investment with a competitor and have a proper contract. Example 3 (Activity 7):

I really don󰀀t wish to dwell on the way the manager threatened to change the delivery date of the core materials, because your arguments about membership of the trade organization prevailed over what he was suggesting. Example 4 (Activity 7):

We prevailed over our competitors who belong to the core membership of the European Union when they threatened to dwell on endless discussion about the delivery of new services. 8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.

1 Does an intermediary try to get two people or groups to (a) agree, or (b) disagree with each other?

A place in society Unit 5 171

2 Is your successor in a job the person who comes (a) after, or (b) before you?

3 If you have been nominated for a job, have you been (a) formally, or (b) only informally appointed?

4 Is a go-between someone who (a) takes messages between two people, or (b) prevents them from

communicating?

5 Is an individualist someone who (a) is, or (b) isn’t dependent on other people?

6 If you can stand on your own feet, can you (a) look after yourself, or (b) see further than most people?

7 Does parental advice come from (a) the government, or (b) your mother and / or father?

Reading and interpreting

9 Choose the best way to complete the sentences. 1 The story in the passage is an example of (b) .

(a) a clash between two people with very different personalities

(b) the difference between an “individualist” and a “collectivist” approach to business (c) the problem which occurs when people do business in a foreign language (d) a failure to do business

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

2 The fact that most people in the world live in collectivist societies means (c) . (a) people don’t like to be alone

(b) people need a lot of help to bring up their children

(c) putting the needs of a group first helps protect the individual (d) people are taught not to stand on their own feet 3 An “in-group”, or “we” group is (c) . (a) people who work for the same company (b) other people of your own age in society (c) the group which gives you your identity (d) a group you choose to belong to 4 Children in collectivist societies (b) . (a) grow up in small families

(b) are likely to be very loyal to their family

5 Children in individualist societies (b) . (a) are unlikely to have many playmates

(b) are likely to leave home when they become adults (c) find it difficult to have relationships with other people (d) think of themselves as members of a group

Language in use

word formation: pro- and anti-

1 Look at the sentence from the passage Dinner at Joanne’s and answer the questions.

She was pro-abortion, anti-corruption, pro-low carbon emissions and anti-capital punishment, as fine a progressive liberal as you could find this side of the Atlantic. 1 If she was pro-abortion, was she in favour of or against the possibility of having an

abortion?

She was in favour of the possibility of having an abortion.

2 If she was anti-capital punishment, was she in favour of or against the death penalty? She was against the death penalty. 3 How are the words formed?

These words are formed using the prefixes pro- and anti-. 4 What information do they give about people’s characters? They indicate a person’s political ideas.

Unit 5 A place in society 174

Now form new words to describe someone who is: Teaching tips

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

Ss need to be reminded that the suffix -ist which is used to describe a person is necessary in forming

these new words. For example, anti-racist describes a person, anti-racism the idea or belief. T should

check that Ss understand the meanings of the new words. Teaching steps

Choose two Ss. For each item, Student A reads the answer to the class, and Student B explains the

meaning of the new word. Please see examples given below. (a) against racism

An anti-racist: a person who is against racism, ie against the belief that people of their own race

are better than those of other races, and against the unfair and violent treatment to people from other races.

(b) in favour of devolution

A pro-devolutionist: a person who is in favour of devolution of power, finance, decision-making on

education, health etc to regional or local administrative bodies, rather than keeping such power and

control centrally with the government. (c) against intervention

An anti-interventionist: a person who is against intervention by the central government in business,

education, health etc especially for regional or local matters. (d) against protecting the environment

An anti-environmentalist: a person who is against environmentalism, ie who is against those who think

we need special action to protect the environment. (e) in favour of a market economy

A pro-market economist: a person who is in favour of letting market forces have their own process

with minimal government intervention or control. (f) in favour of the government

A pro-governmentalist: a person who is in favour of the government policies and actions.

not just to … but to …

2 Rewrite the sentences using not just to … but to …

1 I needed to see him for two reasons. I wanted to tell him about the new contract, and I also wanted to

check whether he was still interested in working with us.

I needed to see him not just to tell him about the new contract, but to check whether he was still

interested in working with us.

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

2 People went to Joanne’s for two reasons. They went because they were curious to see who their fellow

diners were, but also to be seen themselves.

People went to Joanne’s not just to see who their fellow diners were, but to be seen themselves.

A place in society Unit 5 175

3 Matthew decided to climb Mount Kilimanjaro for two reasons. Firstly, it was a personal challenge, and

secondly, he wanted to raise money for a children’s charity.

Matthew decided to climb Mount Kilimanjaro not just to face this personal challenge, but to raise

money for a children’s charity.

4 I agreed to go to Egypt for two reasons. I wanted to see an old friend, and I also needed a break from the northern winter.

I agreed to go to Egypt not just to see an old friend, but to take a needed break from the northern winter.

5 Florence left home for two reasons. She couldn’t find a job in the area where she lived, and she was

beginning to find family life oppressive.

Florence left home not just to find a job in this area, but to escape from her family life which she found oppressive.

prep. + which / whom

3 Complete the sentences with an appropriate prep. + which / whom. 1 It’s not always easy to identify the group to which someone belongs. 2 The global community, of which we are all part, is changing very rapidly. 3 The friends with whom I grew up all left home years ago.

4 The standards by which we are judged today seem to have little to do with traditional values.

5 The society in which I grew up was rather different in those days.

6 My parents, to whom I owe so much, came from a very poor background.

unpacking complex sentences

4 Look at the sentences from the passage Dinner at Joanne’s and answer the questions. Teaching tips

When Ss have finished the activity, choose one or two pairs to go over the answers in the form of a

dialogue: Student A reads the questions, and Student B gives the answers. 1 Did Joanne’s have a reputation for good food? No, in fact, the food was often maligned.

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

2 How did Josh know it?

He knew it by reputation, ie he had heard or read good comments about it. 3 What was special for its orchestra?

The orchestra had a guest slot for a well-known movie director who played trumpet. 4 Who were the sort of guests it had a reputation for?

They were celebrities, eg politicians, diplomats, movie actors, hall-of-fame athletes, journalists, writers,

rock stars, Nobel Prize winners etc.

5 Who does anyone who was anyone refer to?

It refers to anyone who is famous or who has star quality.

Unit 5 A place in society 176

collocations

5 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.

1 intense When a feeling or action is intense, it is usually very strong or extreme, or it exists in large amounts.

(a) If the pain is intense, what do you feel like doing? You feel like screaming or crying with pain.

(b) What sort of work requires intense concentration?

Difficult or hard work on which you need to focus all your attention. (c) What kind of weather is intense heat? Very hot and dry weather.

2 delivery This word usually means carrying goods somewhere and giving them to someone who is

waiting to receive them.

(a) How many of the online bookstores offer free delivery? A few offer free delivery.

(b) What do you do if you are asked for cash on delivery? You pay when what you have ordered is delivered.

(c) If a mother has had an easy delivery, what has she just brought into the world? A baby; she has just given birth in a comfortable manner.

3 core This word usually means the centre of something, or the most important and necessary part of something.

(a) What do you do with the apple core when you’ve finished eating?

You throw it away because it is not the part to eat, but it has the most important part for the apple tree –

the pips or apple seeds.

(b) How many words do you think should be included in a core vocabulary of English? A limited number of basic and frequent words.

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

6 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.

1 Josh shivered as he checked the address on the slip of paper in his hand. He’d never been to Joanne’s,

but knew it by reputation, not because of its food, which had often been maligned, or its jazz orchestra,

which had a guest slot for a well-known movie director who played trumpet, but because of the stellar

quality of its sophisticated guests: politicians, diplomats, movie actors, hall-of-fame athletes, journalists,

writers, rock stars and Nobel Prize winners – in short, anyone who was anyone in this city of power brokers.

乔希打了个冷战，他打开手里的纸条核对了一下地址。之前他没来过乔安妮餐厅，但对于它的鼎鼎

大名却早有耳闻，倒不是因为这里的饭菜有多美味，其实这里的菜品屡遭恶评，也不是因为这里的

爵士管弦乐队有一位知名电影导演客串吹小号，而是因为这里汇集了有头有脸的宾客，可以说是星

光璀璨，他们中有政客、外交家、电影明星、载入名人堂的体育明星、记者、作家、摇滚明星、诺

贝尔奖得主等等——总之，这里的每一位客人都是这座权力之城里的一个人物。

A place in society Unit 5 177

2 The Swedes and the Saudis in this true story have different concepts of the role of personal relationships

in business. For the Swedes, business is done with a company; for the Saudis, with a person whom one

has learned to know and trust. As long as one does not know another person well enough it is convenient

to have present an intermediary or go-between, someone who knows and is trusted by both parties. At

the root of the difference between these cultures is a fundamental issue in human societies: the role of

the individual versus the role of the group. 在这个真实的故事里，瑞典人和沙特人对人际关系在商业中的作用有着不同的理解。对瑞典人来

说，他们是在和一个公司做生意；但对沙特人来说，他们是在和一个他们了解并且信任的人做生

意。只要他们对某个人还不够了解，就会让一位双方都认识并信任的中间人或介绍人在场，这样做

会比较方便。这两种文化的差异源于人类社会的一个根本问题：即个人角色与集体角色的问题。

7 Translate the paragraphs into English. 1 这位年轻人是个侦探小说迷，在看了福尔摩斯探案故事之后，他自以为完全掌握了侦探技

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

巧，于是

就开始调查一起抢劫案。经过几个星期的周密调查，他倒是追查到了三名疑犯，只可惜案发时这三

个人都身在国外。(know sth inside out; track down)

This young man liked reading detective stories. After finished reading Holmes’ stories, he thought he

had known the detective’s skills inside out and started to investigate a case of robbery. After a few

weeks of close investigation, he tracked down three suspects, who turned out to be abroad when the

robbery took place.

2 在本书中我们确实体会到了两种文化之间的差异。不过作者没有详细叙述这些差异，而是仔细讨论

了两种文化的相同点，其中说得最多的是为什么这两种文化都如此强调工作的热忱。(dwell on; of

which; loyalty)

In this book, we do find some differences between the two cultures. But instead of dwelling on the

differences, the author presents lengthy discussions on things they have in common, of which their

loyalty to work are most thoroughly touched upon.

Unit6

Active reading (1)

Last man down: the fireman’s story Language points

1 Last man down: the fireman󰀀s story (Title)

The expression last man down, similar to last man standing, refers to the survivor or winner. The last

man down from the tower before it collapsed would be one of the bravest.

2 There were about two dozen of us by the bank of elevators ... (Para 2) A bank of elevators means a set of lifts.

3 Some had their turnout coats off, or tied around their waists. (Para 2) Turnout coats are the uniform firefighters wear when they turn out for a fire. 4 Others were raring to go. (Para 2)

The expression raring to go is an old form of rearing up, and means being eager to go like a horse.

5 All of us were taking a beat to catch our breaths, and our bearings, figure out what the hell was going on. (Para 2)

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

To take a beat means to rest for a moment.

A bearing is an exact compass reading measured in degrees. To take your bearings is to find where you

are. Here it means both physically and mentally.

6 We󰀀d been at this thing, hard, for almost an hour, some a little bit less, and we were nowhere close to done. (Para 2)

To be at this thing is a slang expression which means to work on this mission.

The expression nowhere close to done means someone is far from completing their work. 7 Of course, we had no idea what there was left to do, but we hadn󰀀t made a dent. (Para 2)

A dent is a mark on a piece of metal as when you bump your car. To make a dent in something is to have

an effect on it (imagine beating a piece of hard steel and not making any mark on it). To make a dent here

means to achieve something. The firefighters had hardly begun their work.

8 As if we could see clear through the ceiling tiles for an easy answer. (Para 3)

Looking up for the source of the noise was only useful if you could see through the floors above, but it

still remained an instinctive reaction.

9 The building was shaking like in an earthquake, like an amusement park thrill ride gone berserk 󰀀 (Para 3)

The word berserk was originally about ancient Viking warriors who worshipped a bear god (ber). They

would go into a terrible rage or madness when fighting. It now means utterly and dangerously crazy.

10 The way it coursed right through me. (Para 3)

To course means to run or flow somewhere quickly. The noise and vibration have a strong physical effect on the writer.

11 I thought about my wife and my kids, but only fleetingly and not in any kind of life-flashing-beforemy- eyes sort of way. (Para 4) Life flashing before my eyes is a claim made by someone who has near-death experiences, as in an

accident, of seeing a slow motion version of the most important events in their lives. Researchers say it

may be the reaction of the brain to trauma.

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Streets full of heroes Unit 6 199

12 Or, 󰀀We󰀀ll all meet at the big one.󰀀 (Para 4)

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

After any fire, the fighters use the expression the big one to minimize that fire and suggest there will

always be a bigger one coming. It is a brave act of understatement.

13 I never knew how it started, or when I󰀀d picked up on it myself, but it was part of our shorthand. (Para 4)

To pick up on it means to learn it and start using it. It is a slang expression.

Shorthand is a system of writing used for taking down fast speech. It uses symbols for common words

and can only be understood by people who learn it. Firemen have their own spoken shorthand (as do most

professions). To an outsider, the big one would not mean much, but as the writer explains it was rich in

meaning to him and his colleagues.

14 I fumbled for some fix on the situation, thinking maybe if I understood what was happening I could

steel myself against it. (Para 5)

Some fix is a slang term which means a way of understanding.

To steel oneself against something means to prepare oneself to do something unpleasant.

15 A battalion commander for the New York Fire Department, he was on the scene of the disaster 󰀀 (Para 6)

The Fire Department is divided up into battalions of up to 200 consisting of a number of companies of

about 30 firefighters.

Reading and understanding

3 Choose the best summary of the extract.

2 In this dramatic personal account, firefighter Richard Picciotto recalls what he was doing and thinking,

just before the north tower of the World Trade Center collapsed on 11 September 2001. 4 Answer the questions.

1 Where was Richard Picciotto at 9:59 am on 11 September 2001? He was on the 35th floor of the north tower of the World Trade Center. 2 Who was with him?

About two dozen firefighters.

3 What was everybody trying to do?

They were resting and trying to work out what was going on. 4 How long had they been in the building? Nearly an hour.

5 What did they do when the noise started? They stood still.

6 What was happening to the building? It was falling down.

7 What did Picciotto start thinking about when he heard the noise? 新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

He started thinking about his family, job and the bagels in the kitchen.

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Unit 6 Streets full of heroes 200

8 Did Picciotto have the impression things were happening quickly or slowly? To him, it seems things were happening slowly while in truth they weren’t. 9 How did Picciotto get out of the tower?

He climbed through the rubble and led his men to safety. 10 How many firefighters lost their lives? Altogether 343 firefighters.

11 Why did Picciotto write Last Man Down? He wrote it as a tribute to his colleagues.

Dealing with unfamiliar words

5 Match the words in the box with their definitions. 1 to make a fire stop burning (extinguish)

2 the total number of people who have been killed or hurt (toll) 3 an extremely difficult or frightening situation (nightmare) 4 a very sad event that causes people to suffer or die (tragedy) 5 as much as possible (utmost)

6 impressive actions that prove someone is very brave (heroism)

7 happening in a confused way and without any order or organization (chaotic)

6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5. For a firefighter arriving on the scene of a fire the first few minutes are usually the most (1) chaotic.

He has to (2) extinguish the fire, he also needs to find out if human lives are in danger. When people are

trapped inside a building he must act swiftly to prevent (3) tragedy, or, – in the (4) nightmare scenario – to

keep the death (5) toll to a minimum. Actions like these require the (6) utmost degree of (7) heroism.

7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. 1 He’s a very honest, fair and well-behaved sort of person. (decent)

2 I’d like to express my thanks for everything you’ve done for me. (gratitude) 3 There was a group of cows standing in the corner of the field. (herd)

4 There have been very big increases in food prices over the last few months. (massive) 5 All the people should leave the building immediately when the alarm sounds. (evacuate) 6 She has displayed all the qualities needed for being a leader in her job. (leadership) 8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.

1 If you are raring to go, are you eager to (a) leave, or (b) start an activity?

2 If you get your bearings, do you (a) lose your way, or (b) find out where you are?

3 If you are nowhere close to done, do you (a) still have a lot more work to do to finish the job, or (b) still

feel strong and ready to work?

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

4 If you haven󰀀t made a dent in something, have you (a) made good progress, or (b) hardly begun the job?

5 Is a racket (a) a loud and unpleasant noise, or (b) a low musical sound?

3zw6.indd 200 2010.1.25 1:13:07 PM

Streets full of heroes Unit 6 201

6 If something goes berserk, is it (a) quiet and well-behaved, or (b) out of control?

7 Does whatever the hell it was suggest that the writer (a) knew exactly what the noise was, or (b) didn’t

know what the noise was?

8 If something is part of the shorthand, can you (a) easily understand it, or (b) not understand it?

9 If you are fumbling for a fix, are you (a) trying to understand something, or (b) trying to stay where you are?

Active reading (2)

Language points

1 󰀀Suddenly,󰀀 she wrote in her syndicated column, 󰀀I saw on the sidewalk a figure of a man.󰀀 (Para 1)

A syndicated column is a regular newspaper article sold to newspapers all around the country.

2 󰀀I felt certain that somewhere along the line she would stub her toe,󰀀 said Perkins, thinking of

Washington󰀀s fishbowl atmosphere. (Para 3)

To stub her toe means to do damage to herself or get hurt.

In a fishbowl atmosphere, everyone can see what is happening in the fishbowl. The sentence means Perkins was sure sooner or later she would get into trouble and be criticized.

3 I don󰀀t know how she did it. What to lay it to? (Para 3) The expression what to lay it to means “how can one explain it?”.

4 󰀀 󰀀that a crippled man, victim of a cruel affliction, was able for more than ten years to ride the

storms of peace and war at the summit of the US 󰀀󰀀 (Para 3)

A man in a wheelchair with a terrible disease could lead his country well both during the Great Depression and World War.

5 󰀀Most people who have played second violin all their lives never have an opportunity to play first

violin,󰀀 remarked Perkins. (Para 4)

People who play second violin are those who do not lead or give solos and who are always of lesser

importance. To play first violin means to be the leader and take the initiative. 6 󰀀Now, if you want to know what I think about Mrs Roosevelt, she is tuh-riffic!

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

󰀀󰀀 (Para 5)

The word tuh-riffic means terrific. It is pronounced with a strong regional accent.

7 On a trip to India ... introduced to the Indian Parliament by Pandit Nehru as 󰀀a representative of

resurgent humanity󰀀. (Para 6)

The expression resurgent humanity refers to recovering from the horrors of the first half of the 20th

century. A representative of resurgent humanity refers to an example of the most admirable and progressive type of person.

Reading and understanding

2 Choose the best way to complete the sentences. 1 Eleanor Roosevelt became a volunteer (c) . (a) when she met her husband

(b) when her husband became President of the US (c) as a young woman

(d) when she saw a homeless man in the street 2 When she became the wife of the president (c) . (a) she gave up her job

(b) she began to write for a newspaper (c) she reinvented the role of First Lady

(d) she found it difficult to reconcile family life and public affairs

3zw6.indd 206 2010.1.25 1:13:09 PM

Streets full of heroes Unit 6 207

3 When she held her first press conference (a) . (a) she didn’t allow men to attend

(b) she pushed her husband in on a wheelchair (c) she made speeches

(d) her involvement in politics shocked people 4 While Roosevelt was president, Eleanor (c) . (a) stayed a full-time wife and mother (b) made a lot of people angry

(c) defended the rights of women and Afro-Americans (d) became the host of a television programme 5 After her husband died she (c) . (a) retired from public life

(b) became the only female delegate to the United Nations

(c) helped implement the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (d) started writing for a newspaper 6 In the last years of her life she (b) . (a) went to live in India

(b) continued to promote the rights of women 新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

Dealing with unfamiliar words

3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.

1 someone who is chosen to represent a group of other people at a meeting (delegate) 2 to believe that something is the cause of someone or something else (ascribe)

3 a newspaper or television reporter, especially one who deals with a particular subject or area (correspondent)

4 a very high level of skill or ability (genius)

5 to control someone or something, often in a negative way, because you have more power or influence (dominate)

6 used about a feeling or thought you do not realize you have (unconscious)

7 to watch something in order to check that it works in the way that it should (oversee)

4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3. Eleanor Roosevelt showed her (1) genius for getting the support of other (2) delegates in the UN

Assembly. She was a great speaker who knew how to (3) oversee important meetings without being seen

to (4) dominate them. She was also a talented (5) correspondent and she wrote a daily column for many

years. Franklin D. Roosevelt’s success as president was (6) ascribed by many to her support and wonderful

character. She became involved in politics because of her sense of right and wrong and an (7) unconscious

need to help people.

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Unit 6 Streets full of heroes 208

5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. 1 He has been unable to use his legs since birth. (crippled)

2 We need to call a meeting for world leaders about this issue. (summit)

3 The first thing I read in the newspaper is the regular section about the arts. (column) 4 Our class visit to the United Nations was a wonderful experience. (marvelous)

5 It’s important to try to influence politicians about the need to improve transport facilities in our area. (lobby)

6 How many millions of people live in the very poor areas of Mumbai? (slums) 6 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.

1 In a fishbowl atmosphere, are you (a) likely, or (b) unlikely to see what everyone is doing? 2 Is a mishap a (a) positive, or (b) negative experience? 3 If you have a humane attitude, are you (a) kind and caring, or (b) cruel and uncaring? 4 If you win over someone to your cause, do you (a) defeat them, or (b) persuade them to join

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

you?

5 Does an affliction make your life (a) easy, or (b) difficult?

6 If you ride the storm, do you (a) survive it, or (b) fall victim to it? 7 Is a superlative performance (a) very good, or (b) just good?

8 If a politician has a throng of admirers, are there (a) many people, or (b) a few who like them?

9 If you are on a par with someone, are you in (a) the same position, or (b) different positions?

Language in use

word formation: gender-inclusive language

1 Look at the sentences from the passages and answer the questions.

Last man down: The fireman󰀀s story We were firefighters, mostly, and we were in various stages of exhaustion. 3zw6.indd 210 2010.1.25 1:13:11 PM

Streets full of heroes Unit 6 211

Please join Life magazine as we honor the power and humanity of Anna Eleanor Roosevelt by inducting her into the Hall of Heroes. 1 What meaning do fireman and firefighter share?

Someone whose job is to fight fires.

2 What extra meaning is included in the word fireman? The person is male.

3 Does the word heroes refer to men, women, or both? Both.

2 Replace the underlined words with gender-inclusive language.

1 Miss Read was the headmistress at school, and I was very fond of her. (headteacher) 2 Mother Teresa and Eleanor Roosevelt are two great heroines of our time. (heroes) 3 There were a lot of policemen standing at the entrance to the factory. (police officers) 4 More than three hundred firemen died in the fire. (firefighters)

5 We’ll ask one of our salesgirls to come and help you. (salespersons)

Why is it that …?

3 Rewrite the sentences using Why is it that ...?

1 I don’t know why we haven’t been able to solve the problem of slums in this town. Why is it that we haven’t been able to solve the problem of slums in this town?

2 I don’t know why we are not able to organize fair elections in this part of the world. Why is it that in this part of the world we are not able to organize fair elections? 3 I don’t know why they never employ qualified people in this hotel. Why is it that in this hotel they never employ qualified people?

4 I don’t know why the system of welfare is still not working properly in this country. Why is it that in this country the system of welfare is still not working properly?

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

5 I don’t know why you always find such an easy answer to all the questions I ask. Why is it that you always find such an easy answer to all the questions I ask?

adj. + though it + be

4 Rewrite the sentences using adj. + though it + be. 1 My time in the United States was short, but it was interesting. My time in the United States, short though it was, was interesting. 2 The scenes of destruction were terrible, but not surprising.

The scenes of destruction, terrible though they were, were not surprising. 3 The rescue operation cost a lot of money, but it was successful. The rescue operation, costly though it was, was successful.

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Unit 6 Streets full of heroes 212

4 The lesson he gave was extremely interesting, but it was soon forgotten. The lesson he gave, interesting though it was, was soon forgotten. 5 Mother Teresa may have been old, but she was extremely active. Mother Teresa, old though she may have been, was extremely active.

6 His actions may have been unconscious, but they have had very serious consequences. His actions, unconscious though they may have been, have had very serious consequences.

collocations

5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of suitable expressions from the collocation box. Sometimes

more than one collocation is possible.

1 My grandfather died suddenly after a massive heart attack. 2 There was a column of smoke in the sky for days after 9/11.

3 Eleanor Roosevelt wrote a daily / newspaper column for nearly 30 years. 4 The stress began to take a toll on their marriage.

5 The final death toll might be much higher than the police at first thought.

6 How many newspaper columns have been written about the heroes of the last century? 7 Do you have to pay a toll to drive on the motorway? 8 Your idea was brilliant – a stroke of genius!

9 My hero is my English teacher. He has a genius for helping us understand Shakespeare. 10 When she died she left a massive amount of money to charity. 6 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.

1 I thought how we firemen were always saying to each other, “I’ll see you at the big one.” Or, “We’ll all

meet at the big one.” I never knew how it started, or when I’d picked up on it myself, but it was part of

our shorthand. Meaning, no matter how big this fire is, there’ll be another one bigger, somewhere down

the road. We’ll make it through this one, and we’ll make it through that one, too. I always said it, at big

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

fires, and I always heard it back, and here I was, thinking I would never say or hear these words again,

because there would never be another fire as big as this. This was the big one we had all talked about,

all our lives, and if I hadn’t known this before – just before these chilling moments – this sick, black

noise now confirmed it. (☞ 这段话由许多短句构成，要注意短句间语气的连接。像at big fires，all

our lives等词语应该调整语序。)

我想起我们消防员平常总互相打趣说：“在大火中见吧。”或者是“我们肯定会在大火中碰面的。”我

不知道这种说法是怎么来的，或者我自己是从什么时候开始说起这种话来的，但这就是我们的暗语。

意思是不管这场火有多大，以后在别处还会有比这更大的。我们能安然无恙地度过这场火，也会安

然无恙地度过下一场火。遇到一场大火时，我总是这么说，也总听别人这么说，可现在，我呆在这

儿，想着自己再也不会说这样的话了，也不会再听到别人这么说了，因为再也不会有比这更大的火了。

这会是我们大家一辈子都在说的那场大火，如果以前——就在这一个个令人胆战心惊的瞬间之前——

我没有认识到这一点的话，现在这浑厚的、不祥的响声印证了这一点。

2 Named as the first chairman of the UN Human Rights Commission, Roosevelt oversaw the two-year

process of drafting and securing passage of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Additionally,

her clashes with representatives of the Soviet Union led one Republican to lean forward in his chair and

state – he wouldn’t allow his name to be used for fear of being labeled as a Democratic supporter – “Now,

if you want to know what I think about Mrs Roosevelt, she is tuh-riffic! Mrs Roosevelt is unique in her

3zw6.indd 212 2010.1.25 1:13:11 PM

Streets full of heroes Unit 6 213

capacity to create an understanding of our position in the minds of the delegates of other countries. Her

performance is so superlative that it is rather unexpected to be asked to evaluate her in ordinary terms.”

作为联合国委员会的首任，罗斯福监督了《世界宣言》历时两年的起草和通过的全过程。

此外, 她和苏联代表的交锋让一位共和党人从椅子上朝前探过身来，说出了下面一番话——因为怕

被当成是民主党的支持者，他不愿意透露自己的姓名——“如果你想知道我对罗斯福夫人的

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

看法，

那我会说她真是了不起! 罗斯福夫人有一种独特的能力，能让其他国家的代表清楚地了解我们的立

场。要用平常的语言来评价她高超的外交手腕，一时间还真不知道该怎么说。” 7 Translate the paragraphs into English. 1 人们很不理解为什么他一份工作干了30年，大多数人到了他这个年纪至少已经换了四五份工作了。也许对他来说，为了获得更高的薪水或是寻求体验新事物的刺激而换工作毫无意义。在他看来，唯一

重要的事是稳定。(stick with; point; thrill)

People are quite puzzled about the fact that he has stuck with the same job for 30 years when most

people of his age have changed at least four or five jobs. Maybe for him there is no point in changing

jobs for a higher pay or for the thrill of experiencing something new. The only thing that matters, in his

point of view, is stability.

2 协会中的大多数会员认为应该竭力游说，确保这项计划获得批准。至关重要的是要把决策者中

的一些反对者争取过来。虽然这会很难，但是他们下定决心要作最大的努力。 (lobby; win over; adj. +

though it + be; utmost)

Most members of the association believe that they need to lobby as hard as possible to make sure that

the plan will be approved by the government. It’s essential to win over some of the naysayers among the

policy makers. Tough though it will be, they have made up their mind to make utmost efforts.__

Unit 7

Active reading (1)

Can bad luck be explained? Language points

1 Part of the explanation for bad luck is mathematical, but part is psychological. (Para 2)

The sentence means bad luck is not only a matter of the odds for or against something happening, but of

our memories and attitudes.

2 This popular notion would be unlikely to stand the scrutiny of any scientific study 󰀀 otherwise the

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

phrase would never have arisen in the first place. (Para 3)

To stand the scrutiny of any scientific study means to survive any scientific examination.

The expression in the first place is used to mean what someone did or should have done at the start of a

situation, eg I wish I’d never got involved in the first place.

3 So badness is much better represented as being on a spectrum rather than something which is there or not there. (Para 5)

The sentence means that badness is not an either / or quality, but a matter of degree, and it exists on a continuum.

4 When it comes to bad things happening in threes, what may be most important of all is the duration

and memorability of the first event. (Para 7)

The sentence means that the impact of the first unpleasant event and the length of time we remember it is

the critical factor in the origin of the common idea that three bad events often occur together.

Unit 7 The secret life of science 230

5 The timescale has been extended as long as is necessary to confirm the original prophecy. (Para 8)

The idea behind the sentence is that after one bad event, people predict two more and will wait a long time

if necessary for them to happen and so to prove the prediction.

6 But it is more likely that a friend will tell you 󰀀three bad things have happened to me, isn󰀀t that

typical󰀀 than 󰀀only two bad things have happened to me, which just proves that the theory doesn󰀀t work󰀀. (Para 9)

Some times after the second bad event, nothing happens for a long time. We could tell people that our

experience shows that the idea that bad luck comes in threes is wrong. But we do not. That seems to be

asking for a third piece of bad luck to come along. Instead we wait for the third event and then say the old

theory has been proved yet again.

7 It is related to probability and independence. (Para 10)

Probability means how events are connected to one another, how probable it is something will happen.

Independence refers to how much interdependence there is between events. 8 One of the best examples of selective memory 󰀀 (Para 16)

A selective memory means remembering only some facts or only what we want to. We select some

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

memories and reject others.

Reading and understanding

2 Choose the best way to complete the sentences. 1 Murphy’s Law is (a) . (a) a popular belief (b) a scientific law (c) a classical theory

(d) a statistical calculation 2 Bad luck (b) .

(a) can be explained by science

(b) can be partly blamed on strange coincidences (c) only really exists in people’s minds (d) is impossible to explain

3 “Bad luck” is a problematic concept because (a) . (a) it is relative; some things are more “bad” than others (b) it suggests a connection between science and morality (c) luck is never good or bad by definition

(d) it encourages people not to take responsibility for their own actions 4 Unlucky events seem to come in threes because (b) . (a) three is an unlucky number in most cultures

(b) the mind wants to make connections between events (c) we don’t notice single unlucky events

(d) we can’t remember more than three connected events

The secret life of science Unit 7 231

5 For some people, unlucky events are connected because (d) . (a) they are psychologically weaker than other people (b) they have better memories than other people

(d) the first unlucky event has an effect on them which makes the second event more likely 6 The writer says map reading is a frustrating experience because (a) . (a) the destination will often be marked very near the edge of the map (b) it is difficult to consult a street atlas while you’re in a car

7 The writer says we believe that traffic lights are always red when we’re in a hurry because (b) .

(a) traffic lights spend more time on red than green (b) we hardly notice when the lights are green (c) red lights are a source of stress

(d) red lights appear more often when a driver is in a hurry 8 The examples of map reading and traffic lights both show that (a) . (a) we are often too ready to interpret a neutral event as “bad” 新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

(b) if we are in a hurry, something bad will usually happen

(c) journeys need to be carefully planned to avoid things going wrong (d) bad luck is a direct result of stress and anxiety

Dealing with unfamiliar words

3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.

1 something harmful or unpleasant that happens to someone (misfortune) 2 neither positive nor negative (neutral)

3 relating to or involving mathematics (mathematical) 4 weak or easy to hurt physically or mentally (vulnerable) 5 happening or coming after something else (subsequent)

6 the number of times that something happens during a period of time (frequency)

4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 3. 1 Some people seem to blame all their misfortunes on bad luck.

2 Many people would argue that there is no such thing as bad luck; all events are neutral. 3 The frequency with which things seem to go wrong may depend on things like health factors.

4 Is it a mathematical certainty that toast will always fall butter side down? 5 We need to help the most vulnerable people in our society.

6 If you’re depressed, and one thing goes wrong, all subsequent events are likely to seem negative too.

5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.

1 Which is the quickest way to the town centre? (route)

Unit 7 The secret life of science 232

2 Our math teacher’s lesson included part of yesterday’s lecture. (overlapped) Our math teacher’s lessen overlapped with yesterday’s lecture.

3 You’ll find the statistics department in the building next to this one. (adjacent) 4 Unfortunately, two hundred people lost their jobs last month. (sacked) Unfortunately, two hundred people were sacked last month.

5 Why do certain groups of letters stay close together in this language? (cluster)

6 The office will be closed for the whole period of the Christmas holidays. (duration) 6 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.

1 If you subject something to scrutiny, do you look at it (a) carefully, or (b) superficially? 2 If something is marginally interesting, is it of (a) great interest, or (b) limited interest? 3 If a problem is alive and kicking, (a) can you ignore it, or (b) must you do something about it?

4 Is a reminder intended to (a) keep you awake, or (b) stop you forgetting?

5 If you are made redundant, have you (a) been given a job, or (b) lost your job?

6 If something crops up, were you (a) expecting it, or (b) not really expecting it to happen? 7 If you duplicate a document, do you (a) send it to someone, or (b) make a copy of it? 8 Do two consecutive events happen (a) at the same time, or (b) one after the other?

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

9 After physical exertion, do most people feel (a) tired, or (b) full of energy?

Active reading (2)

Language points

1 My research had persuaded me that musicality is deeply embedded in the human genome 󰀀 (Para 1)

Genome is a complete set of genes of an organism.

Musicality refers to a natural interest in and ability for music.

2 󰀀 if only I took a few lessons I would find my voice. (Para 1)

The sentence means if I would have some music lessons, I would soon learn to sing nicely. 3 As well as testing whether I could improve my tone, pitch and rhythm 󰀀 (Para 2)

The pitch refers to the quality of sound we speak of in terms of high and low. The tone is the fixed

vibration of the vocal cords producing a pleasing sound. The dynamics (Para 5, Line 5) are volume and style of a sound.

4 With the help of functional MRI he had begun to identify 󰀀 (Para 2) A functional MRI, functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, is a scanner which detects amounts and

whereabouts of brain activity.

5 We agreed that 󰀀 covering various musical tasks such as sustaining a pitch, singing scales and in rhythm. (Para 3)

To sustain a pitch means to keep to a musical key; to sing scales means to move up and down a musical

scale; to sing in rhythm means to maintain a beat.

6 Later, he would process the images 󰀀 to give snapshots of the mental activity involved. (Para 4)

To give snapshots of something means to give a series of images of something.

7 On a few occasions when singing with my wife we both experienced fleeting feelings of emotional

intimacy as our voices blended into one 󰀀 (Para 5)

The sentence means all of a sudden we both had moments when we felt closer to one another as we sang

the same notes at the same time. 8 Encore! (Subtitle)

Encore is the French word for again, shouted at the end of good performances asking for a little more.

Here, the writer is happy with the outcome though not with his singing. The secret life of science Unit 7

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

237

Reading and understanding

2 Number the events in the order they occurred. 2 He drew up a plan with a researcher and a teacher.

3 He had a couple of lessons and learnt how to read music. 9 He discovered changes in the way his brain worked. 5 He learnt how to breathe properly.

1 The writer decided he wanted to learn to sing. 8 He had a second brain scan. 4 He had a brain scan.

7 He became depressed with his slow progress. 6 He did exercises to develop a sense of rhythm.

3 Choose the best answer to the questions. 1 Why did the writer take part in the experiment? (a) To sing with his wife.

(b) To find out more about his brain.

(d) To investigate the relationship between singing and brain activity. 2 How did the experiment affect his family life?

(a) He spent a lot of time singing with his wife and children. (b) He made his children practise late at night.

(c) He disturbed his children by singing late at night. (d) His marriage nearly came to an end. 3 What results did the experiment show?

(a) There is no connection between singing ability and brain activity. (b) It is not possible to sing lying down.

(d) There is a connection between singing ability and brain activity. 4 What conclusion did the writer reach? (a) He will never be able to sing well.

(b) Some people will never be able to sing.

Dealing with unfamiliar words

4 Match the words in the box with their definitions. 1 to continue trying to achieve something difficult (persevere) 2 used for showing that something you say is really true (literally) 3 a new business or activity (venture)

4 the belief that you are able to do things well (confidence)

5 to provide the conditions in which something can happen or exist (sustain) 6 feeling annoyed and impatient (frustrated)

Unit 7 The secret life of science

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

238

5 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4. I never thought I would become a musician. I’ve always liked music, but didn’t study it at school and I

found it a bit (1) frustrating not to be able to read music or to sing in tune. That is, until the day I decided

to learn to play the piano. It was quite a difficult (2) venture at first. The hardest thing was to (3) persevere

with practice. But little by little I began to make progress, and, with it, to grow in (4) confidence. In fact,

I managed to (5) sustain the enthusiasm to such an extent that, at the age of 35, I gave up my job as a data

analyst to become a professional musician. In my case, music (6) literally changed my life. 6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. 1 When I play the piano I usually mix different styles such as jazz and classical. (blend) 2 One of my favourite pieces of music is called The Planets. (entitled) 3 I thought I would learn quickly, but I was clearly mistaken. (evidently) 4 How much is left if we take off 80 euros from your fee? (subtract)

5 The photocopier is broken, but you can use the machine which copies images and stored them on a

computer. (scanner)

6 To have such wonderful children has been a great source of happiness for us both. (blessing)

7 The new hospital is open now, but it isn’t working as it should. (functional) 7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.

1 If you are haunted by something, do you think about it (a) often, or (b) hardly ever?

2 If you are turned off from something, do you (a) show interest in it, or (b) lose interest in it?

3 When someone collaborates with you, do they (a) help you, or (b) prevent you from doing what you want to do?

4 Are the rudiments of musical knowledge (a) the basic facts, or (b) the most recent discoveries?

5 Does a precocious child show skills and intelligence (a) above, or (b) below the average? 6 Are excerpts from a film or a piece of music (a) short extracts, or (b) critical reviews? 7 If you do something in the intimacy of your own home, do you expect (a) strangers, or (b) only your

own family to see you do it?

8 If you stumble, do you (a) fall and then keep going, or (b) fall and stop completely? 9 If you feel elated about something, do you feel (a) very happy, or (b) very sad?

Reading and interpreting

8 Choose the best way to complete the sentences. 1 The title “The diva within” suggests that (b) . 新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

(a) artists have very private lives (b) anyone can be a good singer

(d) to become a good singer, you have to think a lot 2 The word encore is used because (d) .

(a) it refers to a second performance of something (b) it is usually used in a musical context

The secret life of science Unit 7 239

9 Decide if the writer’s experiences are motivating (M) or frustrating (F). 1 writing a book called The Singing Neanderthals (M) It inspires him to do all sorts of interesting research. 2 his childhood experience with a music teacher (F) He felt humiliated.

3 meeting Larry Parsons at the University of Sheffield (M) He offered new ways he could pursue his research. 4 listening to Pam sing (M)

He found it beautiful and wanted to learn more about the human relationship with music. 5 monitoring his own progress as a student of singing (F) He says he got frustrated in Paragraph 5. 6 the effect on family life as he practised (F) His singing wasn’t good for his family life. 7 lying still during the second brain scan (F)

In Paragraph 6, it says “Lying still was even more frustrating than the last time because I had learned

that moving my body was as important to singing as was flexing my vocal cords.” 8 leaving the scanner after the second brain scan (M)

The writer was elated that his work for the experiment was done. 9 seeing the results of the second scan (M) The results of the research confirmed his ideas.

Now decide whether the writer was pleased with the results of the experiment and give reasons.

I think he was pleased. A negative result would have been rather depressing, but now he had some new

information he could work on. Also he had learned something about singing. Note that the frustrating

experiences tend to come earlier than some of the motivating ones. Finally he was elated it was all over!

Language in use

word formation: -ity and -ility 新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

1 Look at the sentences from the passage Can bad luck be explained?

When it comes to bad things happening in threes, what may be most important of all is the duration and memorability of the first event. There is 󰀀 rational reason why bad events might cluster together. It is related to probability and independence. Now find three more nouns ending in -ity or -ility in the passage The diva within .

Ability, musicality, activity.

The secret life of science Unit 7 241

2 Rewrite the sentences changing the underlined adjectives into nouns. 1 It is possible that the insurance won’t pay you for this accident.

There is a possibility that the insurance won’t pay you for this accident. 2 I am not responsible for anything that happens to you. It’s not my responsibility what happens to you.

3 I’m not sure how suitable this programme is for you. I’m not sure of this programme’s suitability for you.

4 The fact that the calculation was complex slowed me down. The calculation’s complexity slowed me down.

5 Being naturally curious is a characteristic of many great thinkers. Natural curiosity is a characteristic of many great thinkers. 6 I was surprised that her behaviour was stupid. I was surprised at the stupidity of her behaviour.

when it comes to …

3 Rewrite the sentences using when it comes to …

1 If we consider evaluating students’ work, there are always some very difficult choices to be made.

When it comes to evaluating students’ work, there are always some very difficult choices to be made.

2 If we consider the examples of bad luck you spoke about, many of these seem to be rather unimportant.

When it comes to the examples of bad luck you spoke about, many of these seem to be rather unimportant.

3 If we turn our attention to human psychology, we see that this is very closely related to physical health and well-being.

When it comes to human psychology, we see that this is very closely related to physical health and wellbeing.

4 In the case of learning an instrument like the piano or violin, a lot of patience and the ability to

persevere are essential.

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

When it comes to learning an instrument like the piano or violin, a lot of patience and the ability to

persevere are essential.

5 If we turn our attention to non-scientific studies of good and bad luck, there are all sorts of fantastic theories.

When it comes to non-scientific studies of good and bad luck, there are all sorts of fantastic theories.

if only

4 Rewrite the sentences using if only .

1 I won’t be able to work out this mathematical problem unless you are quiet for a few minutes.

If only you were quiet for a few minutes, I would be able to work out this mathematical problem.

Unit 7 The secret life of science 242

2 You won’t be able to find your way in life unless you start to understand the difference between good and bad advice.

If only you understood the difference between good and bad advice, you would be able to find your way in life.

3 I won’t be able to sleep well tonight unless I stop worrying about what happened this morning.

If only I stopped worrying about what happened this morning, I would be able to sleep well tonight.

4 The number of accidents at work won’t decrease unless people are more careful and follow the safety instructions.

If only people were more careful and followed the safety instructions, the number of accidents at work

would decrease.

5 You won’t become a great singer unless you are prepared to practise at least six hours every day.

If only you practised six hours every day, you would become a great singer.

collocations

5 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.

1 route A route is usually a way that buses, trains, ships or planes travel regularly. (a) Do you know the most direct route to the centre of town? Yes, you go along North Road and turn left at the park corner. (b) When is it a good idea to seek an alternative route? When there are road works or traffic jams.

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

(c) What do you know about the ancient trade routes between Europe and China? The road was called the Silk Road linking China with the Roman Empire.

2 confidence This word usually means the belief in yourself or the trust you have in someone else.

(a) Are you the kind of person who gains or loses confidence when keeping failing? I tend to see the negative aspects of things, so I’m the kind of person who loses confidence when

keeping failing.

(b) What did a company do if they have to win back the confidence of the customers? Probably they sold some stuffs of a low quality which then ruined their reputation.

(c) How will you prepare yourself in order to go into the business world with confidence? Maybe I have to get a business degree or gain relating work experiences.

3 blend This word usually means to combine different tastes, styles or qualities in a way that is attractive or effective.

(a) If you blend the ingredients for a soup, what have you done with them? I have mixed them together.

(b) If you blend butter with sugar, then add eggs and flour, what kind of food are you making? A cake.

(c) What would you expect to do on a course which uses blended learning approach? A mixture of learning methods, usually classroom sessions and computer-based learning.

The secret life of science Unit 7 243

4 sustain This word usually means to provide the conditions in which something can happen or exist.

(a) By which means can a country sustain economic growth?

For example, to expand domestic demand, or manage to maintain its competitive edge in new technology development and international trade etc.

(b) Which other planet in our solar system do scientists believe can sustain life? Mars.

(c) What did you do to sustain your interest in English? I reminded myself how useful English could be. 6 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.

1 Red lights come up just as often when the driver is not in a hurry; it’s just that the disadvantage of the

red light is considerably less if time is not critical. The false part of the perception is that red lights

happen more than green lights. The reason for this is simply that a driver has more time to think about a

red light than a green light, because while the latter is gone in seconds – and indeed is an experience no

different from just driving along the open road – the red light forces a change of behaviour, a moment

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

of exertion and stress, and then a deprivation of freedom for a minute or so. Red lights stick in the mind,

while green lights are instantly forgotten. (☞ The false part of the perception 直译为“认知中错误的部分”不妥，应译成“错觉”。第三句是一个复杂的长句，应按原文的顺序拆分成若干短句。整个

段落的译文要注意对比与因果的关系。)

司机不赶时间的时候碰到的红灯其实和赶时间的时候一样多；只是如果时间不紧急，红灯带来的不

便要小得多。认为红灯出现的次数比绿灯多其实是一种错觉。产生这种错觉的原因很简单，因为司

机有更多的时间去想红灯，而绿灯的时候，车子几秒钟之内就疾驰而过了——这其实和在畅通的公

路上开车没有任何区别——而红灯却迫使司机改变行为，一小会儿的时间里要强迫自己努力一下,

承受点压力，还要失去一两分钟的自由。所以红灯会深深地印在司机的脑海里，而绿灯转瞬间就被

抛到脑后了。

2 Can anyone learn to sing? It’s a question that haunted me as I was writing my most recent book The Singing Neanderthals. My research had persuaded me that musicality is deeply embedded in the human

genome, with far more ancient evolutionary roots than spoken language. Yet here I was, unable to carry

a tune or match a rhythm. Friends and academic colleagues claimed this was simply because I had been

“turned off” from music as a child and if only I took a few lessons I would find my voice. Maybe they

were right. So humiliated was I by music teachers who made me “sing” alone in front of the class that

I dropped music at the first opportunity and haven’t participated in anything musical for over 35 years.

Perhaps I could learn to sing. (☞ 被动说法 I had been turned off from music 译成主动态更好一些。倒

数第二句原文是倒装句，译文不必按原文的顺序译，但需把长句拆分成短句。)

人人都能学会唱歌吗？在撰写我最新出版的《唱着歌的尼安德特人》一书时，这个问题就一直萦

绕在我的心头。我做的研究让我相信音乐才能是深深植根于人类基因中的，从进化史的角度来说，

它比人类的口头语言都要古老得多。可是我本人一唱起歌来不是跑调，就是跟不上节奏。朋友们

和学术同僚们都说，那都是因为我小时候对音乐失去了兴趣，只要上几节音乐课，我一定能放声

歌唱。也许他们是对的。记得小时候，音乐老师们让我在全班同学面前独“唱”，让我觉得

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

很丢脸。

所以后来一有机会，我就躲开音乐，35 年来从来没有参加过任何音乐活动。说不定学一学我也能唱得不错。

Unit 7 The secret life of science 244

7 Translate the paragraphs into English.

1 媒体对于接连发生的两件惨剧之间没有任何关系的说法表示怀疑，总统没有迅速作出反应也让大家很

不满。谈到总统的执政能力，媒体早已失去信心，除非他能在随后的任期中有所作为。(consecutive;

independent of; responsive; when it comes to; if only)

The media doubt the claim that the two consecutive tragedies were independent of each other, and

are dissatisfied with the fact that the President was not responsive immediately. When it comes to his

competence in running the government, the media have long lost their trust, if only he could do well in

his subsequent term.

2 时刻牢记不要因为你的孩子成绩不好而羞辱他们，因为这种被羞辱的痛苦记忆可能会困扰孩子很长时

间，使他们从小就厌学，并且会妨碍他们形成积极的生活态度。只有当父母发现孩子身上的优点，并

且不断鼓励他们，孩子的发展才能得以长久。(turn off from; humiliate; haunt; identify) Keep remembering that do not humiliate your child because they don’t gain good grades, as their

memory of the humiliation will haunt them for a long time, turn them off from learning at an early

age and prevent them from gaining positive attitudes towards life. The development of children can be

sustained only when parents identify the strengths in their children and encourage them from time to time.

Unit8

Active reading (1)

Language points

1 She was called Katya, a dewy-eyed, sweet girl from Voronezh, who accepted Yakov on his own

reckoning. (Para 1)

As dew falls in the early morning and symbolizes innocence and newness, the word dewy-eyed means

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

innocent and lacking in experience about life. Reckoning means one’s own view and account.

The sentence means that an innocent-looking girl from a less sophisticated city than Moscow was willing

to believe Yakov’s own high opinion of himself.

2 On International Women󰀀s Day, Soviet women bask in their menfolk󰀀s love and gratitude. (Para 2)

To bask means to relax in the sun. Here it depicts how comfortable and pleasant Soviet women feel on this day.

3 Their husbands, with much cursing and clattering of pans, cook breakfast for the family 󰀀 (Para 2)

The expression with much cursing and clattering of pans means with a lot of swearing and banging

about – as they were not used to doing it, they made many mistakes.

4 A Soviet woman󰀀s days are usually taken up with 󰀀 nipping out of work at lunchtime to buy

something for dinner 󰀀 (Para 3)

To nip out means to go out for a very short time probably unofficially. It is a slang and is similar to the

expressions pop out and sneak out.

5 Their husbands 󰀀 by drinking themselves into a stupor with toasts 󰀀to our beloved ladies 󰀀󰀀 (Para 4)

Stupor is a state in which you cannot think, speak, see, or hear clearly, usually because you have drunk

too much alcohol. Sadly, Russia does have a serious alcoholism problem and early death from overconsumption

of vodka is far too common.

6 󰀀I certainly will,󰀀 said Yakov, squeezing in between Liza Minelli and Katya and draping an arm

around each of them. (Para 10)

Yakov fit in between Liza Minelli and Katya although they were sitting close together, and put an arm

around each girl.

7 Yuri and Emily arrived and we covered blinis with thick sour cream and red caviar and drank

champagne, as families did all over Voronezh. (Para 13)

Sour cream is fermented cream, which is smoother and thicker. Eastern European food is noted for its sour flavours.

Caviar usually refers to the roe or eggs of the sturgeon, a large fish, and is a very expensive special food.

It can also refer to other commoner fish roes. 新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

Unit 8 High days and holidays 2

Reading and understanding

4 Answer the questions.

1 How well does the writer know the Soviet Union?

Not very well. The others have to explain the tradition of International Women’s Day to the writer.

2 What was Yakov doing when the writer met him? He was buying roses.

3 Where does the writer live? Room 99 of a hostel.

4 What do the Russian men do on International Women’s Day?

They buy flowers for the women in their life and do some house chores for them. 5 What kind of daily life do Russian women usually have? They have a very busy life with lots of chores to do.

6 What do the Russian men do after they’ve prepared breakfast for their wives? They meet up with friends and drink themselves into a stupor. 7 What is the usual number of flowers to buy in Russia? An odd number.

8 Why did Yakov buy 14 flowers?

He planned to give Katya five flowers and the girls in Room 99 three for each.

Dealing with unfamiliar words

5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.

1 to put something somewhere in a careless way, especially something that is heavy (dump) 2 to lie, sit, or lean in a relaxed or lazy way (lounge) 3 loved very much by someone (beloved)

4 to move somewhere quietly and secretly so that no one can see you or hear you (sneak) 5 a feeling of very strong anger that usually does not last very long (fury) 6 to talk about other people or about things that are not important (gossip) 6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box.

1 I unexpectedly met an old friend in the shopping mall yesterday. (bumped into)

2 The men demonstrate how true and honest their love for their wives is by drinking a lot. (sincere)

3 While the men are doing the shopping, the women will clean the carpets, and dust the room. (vacuum)

4 Please remain here and wait for a while – she will come back soon. (stick around) 5 I think it is a good idea to soak clothes before washing them. (advisable)

6 After hearing what he had been through, her eyes were full of tears. (filled up with)

High days and holidays Unit 8 265

7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions. 新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

1 If someone is dewy-eyed, are they likely to (a) lack experience about life, or (b) be in love? 2 If someone accepts you on your own reckoning, do they (a) accept you without considering if you are

what you claim to be, or (b) have a clear idea of your real character?

3 If you bask in your fame, do you (a) feel bothered, or (b) enjoy being famous? 4 Does charred mean (a) black and burnt, or (b) cooked perfectly?

5 If something shrivels in the summer heat, does it (a) grow rapidly, or (b) become smaller and not fresh?

6 If someone’s face turns scarlet, is it because they feel (a) embarrassed or angry, or (b) tired and hungry?

7 If you go to bed on the dot of 11 pm, do you sleep (a) at exactly 11 pm, or (b) around 11 pm?

8 If you pop into somewhere, do you (a) go there only for a short time, or (b) stay there for a long time?

9 If someone is in a stupor, are they unable to think or act normally because they’re (a) too sleepy, orunable to think or act normally because they’re (a) too sleepy, or (b) not completely conscious?

Active reading (2)

Chinese or Western, it’s a time to relax Language points

1 Their fears may be justified to a certain extent. (Para 4)

The word justified means having an acceptable explanation or reason. The writer then gives the

explanation in the following sentence.

2 For good or bad, the world has possibly undergone more changes 󰀀 (Para 5) The writer does not want to get into the question of whether what has happened has been good or bad. The

point is to agree that there has been change and it has consequences.

3 Television, we thought, was the last uniting factor till we got a feel for the Internet. (Para 5)

The expression get a feel for something means to be accustomed to something or to have or develop an

understanding of something and skill in doing it.

4 Nothing comes without a rider in this global market. (Para 6)

A rider is an American expression for a clause added to a law or legal document, often setting an extra condition.

The sentence means nothing in the modern world comes without some unexpected or unwanted consequences.

5 Be it on the mainland or in the highly developed West or in the poorest of

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

societies, a festival carries the same meaning. (Para 7)

The sentence means festivals have the same meaning whether in China, the advanced economies of the

West or the least developed nations.

Reading and understanding

3 Choose the best way to complete the sentences. 1 The writer thinks the Chinese celebrate Christmas because (d) . (a) it’s a Western festival

(b) the world has undergone a great deal of change

(d) it has become a festival which is celebrated around the world, and everyone can relax during that time

High days and holidays Unit 8 269

2 Some scholars fear that celebrating Christmas in China (a) . (a) may threaten Chinese culture

(b) means that the Chinese blindly follow the West in every way (c) causes Chinese festivals to lose their charm (d) is a good example of Western decadence

3 The Chinese attach more importance to Christmas than a couple of decades ago because (b) .

(a) television and the Internet have become uniting factors

(b) changes throughout the world make them look differently at the world and at China’s place in it

(d) most of the world follows the Gregorian calendar 4 Enjoying a Western festival doesn’t mean that (c) . (a) the Chinese approve of Western decadence

(b) the Chinese are left untouched by the festive season (c) the Chinese follow the West without thinking (d) the Chinese culture is free of decadence

5 The writer believes that the scholars and students (b) .

(a) can save society from the influence of a world which is getting smaller (b) have a point of view which should not be rejected (c) are what are referred to as conservatives

(d) are right in thinking Chinese festivals have lost their charm 6 The basic message of Christmas (d) .

(a) is similar to Eastern principles of helping others (b) has the same charm as Chinese festivals

(c) is one of Western culture, which attracts youngsters more than other Chinese (d) is one of goodness, love of mankind and help for the poor which is relevant to everyone 新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

Dealing with unfamiliar words

4 Match the words in the box with their definitions. 1 simple (humble)

2 to show that there is a good reason for something, especially something that other people think is wrong (justify)

3 to experience something, especially something that is unpleasant but necessary (undergo) 4 a large meal for a lot of people, usually in order to celebrate something (feast)

5 a system for measuring the length of a year and dividing it into periods such as weeks and months (calendar)

6 a child, or a young person (youngster)

7 pleasant or attractive qualities or features (charm) 8 the quality of being morally good (goodness)

9 to express a strong opinion and try to persuade other people to accept it (preach)

Unit 8 High days and holidays 270

5 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4. There is some (1) justification to scholars’ fears that a lot of Chinese (2) youngsters have recently

become more interested in festivals from the Western (3) calendar, such as Christmas which I must admit

does have some (4) charm. The world is (5) undergoing many changes, and even though we come from a

genuinely modest and (6) humble culture, we’re more and more attracted by the bright lights and comforts

of the West. But Christmas is actually a winter (7) feast and is similar to our own festivals because it

(8) preaches the importance of being morally (9) good and showing love for mankind. 6 Answer the questions about the words and expressions in the box. 1 Is oriental likely to mean (a) Eastern, or (b) Western?

2 If you vent your feelings, do you (a) express them strongly, or (b) hide them?

3 Is an indigenous American likely to be (a) someone who has arrived from another country, or (b)

someone who has lived in America before others arrived?

4 If you feel at one with something, are you likely to feel (a) unhappy and uncomfortable, or (b) happy

and relaxed with it?

5 Is zeal likely to be (a) great energy and enthusiasm, or (b) a lack of interest?

6 If you want to conserve something, do you want to (a) keep it as it is, or (b) change it? 7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions. 1 If you’re caught in a trance, are you likely to be (a) aware, or (b) unaware of your state? 2 If something happens for good or bad, do you (a) know, or (b) not know whether it will

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

have good or bad results?

3 Is a rider likely to be (a) a condition to what has been said, in order to limit it, or (b) an addition to what

has been said, adding extra information?

4 Is an anomaly likely to be (a) a contradiction, or (b) a usual feature?

5 Is skulduggery likely to be (a) secret activities that are intended to trick or cheat people, or (b) normal

events in everyday life?

6 Are mundane affairs likely to be (a) interesting and exciting, or (b) not interesting and exciting?

7 Is decadence likely to be (a) highly moral behaviour, or (b) immoral behaviour?

8 If you shut your eyes and ears to something, do you (a) pay attention to it, or (b) refuse to pay attention to it?

Language in use

Be it / they ...

1 Rewrite the sentences using Be it / they …

1 Whether it’s Christmas or any other occasion, people like to spend some quality time with their families.

Be it at Christmas or on any other occasion, people like to spend some quality time with their families.

2 Whether it’s in good ways or bad, the world has changed in recent years. Be it in good ways or bad, the world has changed in recent years.

3 Whether it’s with a feast or a humble meal, people celebrate festivals in the same way around the world.

Be it with a feast or a humble meal, people celebrate festivals in the same way around the world.

4 Whether children are good or naughty, they are blessings. Be they good or naughty, children are blessings.

5 Whether they are scholars or ordinary people, they cannot stop the world from getting smaller.

Be they scholars or ordinary people, they cannot stop the world from getting smaller.

fronting

2 Rewrite the sentences using fronting.

1 It is not surprising that Christmas has become a global festival. That Christmas has become a global festival is not surprising.

2 It may be justified that scholars have expressed concern about the influence of Christmas. That scholars have expressed concern about the influence of Christmas may be justified. 3 It’s no different from our ancestors’ enjoying breaks that we enjoy an occasion to relax today.

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

That we enjoy an occasion to relax today is no different from our ancestors’ enjoying breaks.

Unit 8 High days and holidays 274

4 It is the reason we celebrate Christmas that most of the world follows the Gregorian calendar.

That most of the world follows the Gregorian calendar is the reason we celebrate Christmas. 5 It is something we need to remember that decadence is not the sole preserve of the West. That decadence is not the sole preserve of the West is something we need to remember. 6 It is something we should not forget that Jesus was born in the East. That Jesus was born in the East is something we should not forget.

3 Rewrite the sentences using as .

1 The men, because they want to please their wives, leave them to sleep and go out to meet friends.

The men, as they want to please their wives, leave them to sleep and go out to meet friends. 2 In the same way as people did all over Russia, they enjoyed blinis and champagne. They enjoyed blinis and champagne as people did all over Russia.

3 On International Women’s Day, because it’s important to buy flowers for the women in your life, the

flower sellers were doing a busy trade.

On International Women’s Day, as it’s important to buy flowers for the women in your life, the flower

sellers were doing a busy trade.

4 In the same way as women do all over the world, a Soviet woman starts her day by getting the children

ready for school.

A Soviet woman starts her day by getting the children ready for school as women do all over the world.

collocations

4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of suitable expressions from the collocation box.

Sometimes more than one collocation is possible. 1 You shouldn’t sneak up on people like that. You scared me!

2 A festival can be a really difficult time if you are feeling down in the dumps because everyone else

seems to be enjoying themselves when you’re not.

3 Notting Hill Carnival had very humble beginnings but it is now one of Britain’s biggest festivals.

4 You can sneak a preview of his new movie on the Internet.

5 It was really mean of him to dump his girlfriend in a Christmas card. 6 Festivals have their charm, even if you are not religious. 7 The party was a bit boring so we sneaked away when no one was looking. 新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

8 After a while living in a big city began to lose its charm.

9 We ate a very humble meal of bread and cheese sitting in the park and watching the May Day parade.

10 I wish you could sneak me into your suitcase so that I could come with you! 5 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.

1 On International Women’s Day, Soviet women bask in their menfolk’s love and gratitude. In the

morning, as it is a holiday, they lounge in bed instead of going out to work. Their husbands, with much

cursing and clattering of pans, cook breakfast for the family; by ten o’clock they proudly serve their

High days and holidays Unit 8 275

wives a charred and shrivelled egg. Beside the woman’s plate will be a bunch of flowers and a little gift,

a bottle of scent perhaps, or a pair of tights, which she will exclaim over until the children, scarlet with

fury, insist that their mother makes them their proper breakfast. (☞ pans 在原文中其实泛指厨房里的

物件，译成汉语时应为“锅碗瓢盆”。)

在国际妇女节那一天, 苏联的妇女们沐浴在男性所给予的爱意和感激之中。因为这一天是假日，早

上她们不用去上班，可以懒洋洋地躺在床上。而她们的丈夫们则要为全家人做早饭，虽然嘴里骂骂

咧咧的，还弄得锅碗瓢盆叮当乱响；到了十点，丈夫颇为自豪地把煎得焦糊糊、皱巴巴的鸡蛋端到

妻子跟前。盘子边上还放着一束鲜花，一份小礼物，可能是一瓶香水或者一双裤袜，妻子会高兴得

大叫起来，激动好一会儿，直到孩子们怒气冲冲地跑过来，小脸涨得通红，闹着要妈妈给他们做一

顿像样的早餐。

2 For good or bad, the world has possibly undergone more changes in the past two decades than it did

in the past two centuries. We have used more resources, burnt more fuel, caused more pollution and

killed off more animals and plants as we have come closer to each other to form a truly global village.

Television, we thought, was the last uniting factor till we got a feel for the Internet. All these changes have made us take a different look at the world beyond and our home within. Nothing

comes without a rider in this global market. If we want to be part of the dazzle and comfort that the

West is known for, we had better accept some of its anomalies, too. This is not to say that festivals mean

新标准大学英语综合教程3-课后答案

something else to the West.

不管是好是坏, 世界在过去二十多年间所经历的变化可能比过去两百年间所经历的还要多。为了让

彼此间联系得更紧密，营造出一个真正的地球村，我们消耗了更多的资源，烧掉了更多的能源，造

成了更多的污染，灭杀了更多的动植物。过去，我们一直把电视看作是连接全世界的终极手段，直

到我们了解了互联网，才发现事实并非如此。

所有这些变化都让我们用另外一种眼光来看待外面的世界以及我们自己的家园。在这个全球市场中，

得到任何东西都是要付出代价的。如果我们想拥有西方世界那著名的眩目而舒适的生活，我们也必

须接受西方文化中的一些异常事物。当然，这并不是说节日对于西方人来说有着不同的意义。 6 Translate the paragraphs into English.

1 和妻子离婚之后，他知道自己将受到朋友们无穷无尽的指责，因为他们都听信流言，认为他为了一个

更年轻的女人而抛弃了妻子。每次在街上碰到朋友，他们都会严厉地责备他不该背叛自己的妻子。他终于明白，如果谣言一直不散的话，人们会逐渐地信以为真。(never hear the end of it; dump; bump

into; stick around)

When he divorced his wife, he knew that he would never hear the end of it from his friends, because

they all believed the rumour that he had dumped her for a younger woman. Whenever he bumped into a

friend in the street, they would reprimand him severely for betraying his wife. He realized with his own

experience that if a rumour stuck around long enough, people would gradually take it as true. 2 在经历了这么多磨难后，他把所有的愤怒、不满和绝望都发泄在周围人身上了，不管他们是家人还是

同事。对于他这些反常的行为我们不能视而不见，而要多给他一些关心和爱。我们相信，他一定会重拾信心，挺过这段艰难时期。(undergo; vent; be they …; shut one’s eyes and ears to; be bound to)

After undergoing so many misfortunes, he vents all his anger, discontent and despair on people around

him, be they families or colleagues. Instead of shutting our eyes and ears to his anomalies, we should

offer him more cares and love. We believe he is bound to recollect himself and go through the tough time.__

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