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2020考研英语二答案解析

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2020 考研英语(二)入学测评答案解析

参:

完型填空: 1-5CDBBA 6-10 BADCA 11-15BCDCB 16-20 DADAC

阅读理解: 21-25 CDADA 26-30ACDAB 31-35DBACD 36-40CDBCA

新题型:41-45 BGDEF

翻译:

想想那些稍纵即逝的瞬间,当你坐在飞机上,眼望窗外时,发现自己正在天空翱翔,飞得比鸟儿还高;再想想你那比牛皮纸信封还要薄的笔记本电脑,或者手掌大小的手机,这些事物不禁让人感叹奇迹。作为梦想成果的受益者,我们真是幸运。

20世纪下半叶,涌现出一批天才、勇士、企业家和畅想家,他们合力创造了一台不可思议的机器。它集打字机和印刷机、摄影室和剧院、画笔和美术馆、钢琴和收音机、邮件和邮递员等诸多功能于一身。

联网计算机是一台令人称奇的计算机。它是第一台具备此种功能的媒体机器:它既是一种生产方式,也是一种发布信息的途径;它既是接收信息的站点,也是发表评论的平台。计算机就是21世纪的文化机器。

答案解析:

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一、完型填空

1.正确选项【C】该句由“But”引导,说明该句与前一句表达意思相反,前后是转折关系,“some claims to the contrary”表示相反的关系,A among(在...之中;在...中间);B except(除...之外);C despite(尽管);D like(像)四个选项中,只有C项despite能表达转折的意思。

2. 正确选项【D】A reflect(反映,反省);B demand(要求,需要);C indicate(表明,指出)D produce(制造,产生,引起)该句意为“笑确实会让心脏和心血管功能_______短时间的变化。”因此,选择D选项produce“制造,产生,引起”。

3. 正确选项【B】A stabilizing表示“稳定(政治局势)”;B项boosting (促进,增强);C项impairing(损害,减少);D项determining(决定)空格处出现的地方是由动词现在分词引导的伴随状语,补充说明笑带来的短时间的变化,具体是心率的提高和耗氧量的增加。因此选B项boosting (促进,增强),符合题意和常识。

4. 正确选项【B】A transmit(传输,发射);B sustain(持续,支持,保持);C evaluate(评估,评价);D observe(观察,庆祝)根据上文已知,笑可以增加心率和耗氧量,虽然这对身体有益,但却是短暂的(short-term)。因此,“hard laugh is difficult to sustain(大笑难以持久)”与上文的“short-term changes”相呼应。

5. 正确选项【A】A measurable(显著地);B manageable(能应付的);C affordable(负担得起的)D renewable(可再生的;可延期的)笑虽然可以提高心脏和心血管功能,但这种改善却是短暂的,不像运动,如走路和慢跑一样,可以为心脏与心血管带来长期的益处。只有A项measurable(显著地)最符合文章意思, 说明大笑带来的益处没有走路和

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慢跑带来的益处显著。

6. 正确选项【B】A In turn (轮流,依次)B In fact (实际上)C In addition(除此之外,另外)D In brief(简言之)根据上文已知,笑不像运动,如走路和慢跑一样,可以为心脏与心血管带来长期的益处,从instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__看出,笑不像运动可以通过拉紧肌肉来使肌肉强壮,这是作者补充的一个事实,能表现这样的语义关系的只有B项in fact(实际上,事实上) 。 in turn(轮流,一次);in addiction(除此之外);In brief (简言之)。

7. 正确选项【A】A opposite(相反的); B impossible(不可能的)C average(平均的,普通的)D expected(意料之中的)由instead of straining muscles to build them,我们推出笑能对肌肉起的作用是相反的。选项中只有A项opposite(相反的),符合文意。laughter apparently accomplishes the opposite表示“笑显然会使肌肉松弛”。这在下文也得到了印证decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.(笑后大概45分钟内,肌张力会变小)。

8. 正确选项【D】A项hardens(使。。。变硬/坚强);B项weakens(使。。。变弱);C项tightens表示(使。。。绷紧)D项relaxes(使。。。松弛),文中说的是笑和运动相反不能拉紧并增强肌肉,因此,要选反义词D项,即使肌肉松弛。

9. 正确选项【C】A aggravate(加重,恶化)B generate(产生,生成);C moderate(减轻,变弱)D enhance(加强)根据常识,显然笑能使肌肉放松,所以会帮助缓解心理压力。句中的such bodily reaction指“肌肉放松的状态”因此选C项moderate(减轻,变弱)。

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10. 正确选项【A】A physical(身体上的);B mental(精神上的);C subconscious(潜意识的);D internal(内在的)。下一句中“our feelings are partially rooted __12___ physical reactions.”(我们的情感一部分来源于身体反应),这与本题空格处句中的feedback that improve an individual’s emotional state相呼应。这个反应当然是身体反应了,因此选A项physical(身体上的)。

11. 正确选项【B】A Except for(除了...)B According to(根据...)C Due to (因为...)D As for(关于...至于...)根据上文已知,笑可以促进身体其他类型的反应,改善一个人的情绪状态。因此B项 according to(根据…)最符合文意,用于引经据典,支撑观点。

12. 正确选项【C】本题考查固定搭配,be rooted in 是个固定搭配,表示“根源于…”。

13. 正确选项【D】A unless(除非);B until(直到);C if(如果)D because(因为)空格处句子“humans do not cry”与“they are sad”之间只有D项because所表示的逻辑关系能让句子成立,意为“人并不是因为悲伤而流泪,而是在开始流泪时,人才变得悲伤起来”。

14. 正确选项【C】A exhausts(耗尽);B follows(在...之后;跟随);C precedes(在...之前);D suppresses (抑制)Although 出现在句首,说明句内出现转折关系,该句逗号前后两部分要表达的意思相反,后面半句说的是“有证据证明情感可能来源于肌肉反应”,因此,要选择C项precede(在…之前)。这句话表示作者并不否认一般情况下人们会先感到伤心才流泪,但是有证据证明情感同样可能来源于肌肉反应。

15. 正确选项 【B】A into(进入到...之内);B from(源于...,从...来);C towards(朝,向);D beyond(超过,越过)空格处的介词要体现emotion和muscular response之

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间的关系,参照“our feelings are partially rooted in physical reactions”,能体现出它们之间关系的只有B项from.表示“源于...;从...来”。

16. 正确选项【D】这里说了一个实验,实验中,志愿者被要求用牙齿或者嘴唇将一支笔固定住,目的是做出假笑或者失望的表情。只有D项hold(使…保持在某个位置上)能表现出这样的意思。A项fetch(取得)B项bite(咬)C项pick(拾取,挑选)

17. 正确选项【A】A disappointed(失望的);B excited(兴奋的)C joyful(开心的);D indifferent(冷漠的)想象一下,用嘴唇固定住一支笔,你的嘴角一定是向下的,这样的表情,只有A项disappointed(失望的)符合。

18. 正确选项【D】选项需要和后面的to搭配,A adapted to (适应)B catered to (迎合)C turned to (转向…致力于…)D项 reacted to (对…作出反应)。只有D项符合文意,表示“那些被强迫练习笑肌的志愿者们比那些嘴巴紧绷皱在一起的志愿者们对搞笑卡通的反应更为热烈”

19. 正确选项【A】A suggesting(暗示,表明);B requiring(需要);C mentioning(提及);D supposing(假设)空白处的动词是现在分词形式,作伴随状语补充说明实验的发现,即“表情可能会影响情感,而不是情感影响表情”。结合上下文只有A项suggesting(暗示,表明)最符合文意。

20. 正确选项【C】A Eventually(最后,终于);B Consequently(因此);C项Similarly(同样地);D Conversely(相反地)根据上文,研究结果暗示表情会影响情绪,而笑也是一种表情,所以举一反三,我们能也能推出笑能改善情绪,只有C项Similarly(同样地)能表示这个推论。注意B项consequently表达的是因果关系,这个关系在文中不成立。

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二、阅读理解

21. 正确选项【C】根据题干定位第一段第三句,not choice和unreflecting提供了解题线索,再加上下一句In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word \"habit\" carries a negative implication.中的even一词可知是递进关系,说明这一句对habits特点的评价也和Wordsworth的评价一致,而这一句给的线索是negative implication。只有C项mechanical(机械的,呆板的)符合所有线索。

22. 正确选项【D】根据题干定位至第二段第二句。A项predicted原文是主动创造而不是预测。B项regulated能表现主动的概念,但不能把握方向。C项traced不主动,并且也不能定方向。D项guided即表明了主动,也表明了前进的方向,符合原文。

23. 正确选项【A】But don't bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain, they're there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. 这句话分号前后两句是并列关系,由此可知ruts=old habits。而且instead在语义上表示相反,引出new habits 是ruts的反义词。因此可知ruts 意为“旧习,或者惯例”。只有A项track(轨道)意思最接近。

24. 正确选项【D】根据题干定位至第五段第一句“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,\" says Dawna Markova,”D项中的curiosity= a fascination with wonder;creative minds=innovation。

25. 正确选项【A】A项可以定位至文章最后一段第一句“The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us

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inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought.”(当前所推崇的标准化考试强调分析性和程序化,这意味着我们中很少有人会本能地用创新和合作的方式去思考。)既然标准化考试意味着我们很少用创新的方式去思考,那就阻碍了创新也就是阻碍了新习惯的形成。B项文章中没有那么说,CD项与原文相反。

26. 正确选项【A】根据第一段谈到只要30美元就可以购买PTK,且第二段说不用开处方就能买到,因此推知A项 easy availability(容易获得)是正确的。

27. 正确选项【C】根据文章第一段“today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom — or at least confirm that he's the kid's dad. All he needs to do is shell out $30 for a paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore — and another $120 to get the results.”(如今男人可以提高自己为人父的智慧, 可以确认自己是孩子的生父了。他所要做的就是在住所附近的药店花30美元买一个PTK,然后再花120美元来获取结果)。因此C是正确的。

28. 正确选项【D】根据题干定位至第五段第一句“But some observers are skeptical, \"There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,\"”(但是一些观察者却对此持怀疑的态度。声称在做家谱测试的人,正在吹嘘一种虚假的精确性)D项中的fails to achieve the claimed accuracy与原文a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing是同义替换。

29. 正确选项【A】文中第六段第二句“Databases used by some companies don't rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects.”(一些公司使用的数据库并不是依靠系统收集的数据,而是

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通过不同的项目拼凑在一起的。)A项 disorganized data collection(没有条理的数据收集)符合原文,是正确答案。

30. 正确选项【B】文中只是客观地谈到了DNA测试出现和有人提出了其存在的问题,并没有表明谁支持谁反对,A是错的。文中讲了实验室外的应用情况,也讲了实验室内的一些问题,故C项过窄。文中是说了DNA测试的不足,没说撒谎的问题,D项错误。B项符合全文的内容。

31. 正确选项【D】定位至第一段第三句“It usually leads to no good—drinking, drugs and casual sex.”选项D中undesirable behaviors 对应no good- drinking, drugs and casual sex, cause 是lead to的完美替换。

32. 正确选项【B】根据题干定位至第三段最后一句“Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.”B项中的 learn 对应原文中的take a page from。

33. 正确选项【A】定位文中第四段第一、二句“But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful.”A项中的adequately对应文中enough,probe对应文中exploration.

34. 正确选项【C】根据题干定位至第五段最后一句“This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day”C项中的without realizing it是对原文unconsciously的完美替换。

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35. 正确选项【D】对应最后一段前三句:Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It’s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. D项questionable(值得商榷的)对应文中的这种不确定的看法。

36. 正确选项【C】A项文中没有提及。第一段第一句中说:If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servants.其中he would probably represent civil servants(他可能会代表公务员)这并不意味着他是公务员,故B项排除。C项说工会已经增加了其国家控制企业的会员,第一段第二句提到:only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. 确实增加了,是正确选项。D项没有被提及。

37. 正确选项【D】A项属于未提及选项,文中没说工会很谨慎。B项由于第二段第三、四句虽然说“Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated. A quarter of America’s public-sector workers have a university degree.”但是没有说需要教育背景,故排除。C项与第二段第六句“Britain’s Labor Party, as its name implies, has long been associated with trade unionism.”的表述相反。D项对应第二段第二句“First, they can shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences.(首先他们可以罢工而不承担后果。)”

38. 正确选项【B】根据题干可以定位至第四段“keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous”(保持收入小幅上涨,但却增加假期,特别是还增加了原本就已经很可观的退休金。)B项中的

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augmented(增加)可以替换原文中的increase。另外原文中说薪水增加的少了,但是有了其他的补助,这说明公务员的收入是非直接增加的,对应选项B中的indirectly。

39. 正确选项【C】例证题要找到例子对应的观点和结论,因词,找到第五段的结论:Reform has been vigorously opposed(改革遭到了反对),该结论是通过第五段的教师任用的例子和第六段州工会的例子来反映的。而C项是其完美替换。

40. 正确选项【A】根据题干人名定位至最后一段。在转折的地方but a public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem for America.中出现了bigger problem,表明其态度为disapproval。

三、新题型

41. 正确选项【B】B项中的关键信息time is right与该段第二句话中的a good time 属于同义复现。

42. 正确选项【G】G项中的关键词goals在本段第三句与the goal出现了原词复现。

43. 正确选项【D】D项的context与该段第一句第二句中的两个environment属于同义复现,与第五句的context原词复现。

44. 正确选项【E】E项work with professionals与本段第一句“enlist the support of professionals”及第四句“work with professional photographer”是同义复现。

45. 正确选项【F】F项与该段isn’t … to spend more time fussing over what to

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wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue.属于复现。

五、写作

47.

Dear editor,

I am a faithful reader of your newspaper and I’d like to convey in this letter my deepest concern about the continual free use of plastic bags in our society in spite of the restrictions imposed by the government.

As is known to all, widespread consumption of plastic bags lead to “white pollution”, which brings disastrous effects to the environment. Therefore, it is imperative for us to take even more drastic measures. For one thing, we should enhance people’s awareness of the importance of it, which is of vital importance to us. For another thing, in addition to charging consumers, the producers should also be heavily taxed to control white pollution.

Thank you for spending time reading this letter and I’m looking forward to

seeing some new changes in our society after our joint efforts and endeavor.

Yours Li Ming

sincerely,

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48.

From the table we can see that the number of senior citizens has increased from 132 million in 2002 to 200 million in 2015, and will increase to 400 million in 2050. Accordingly, the percentage has risen from 10% to 14%, and then will rise to 25%.

According to the standard of the United Nations, a society is defined as old when the senior citizens over 60 reach 10% of the whole population. Consequently, this table shows that our society, following many western countries, is stepping into the era of the so-called “aging society”. The aging phenomenon will bring many unfavorable consequences, with health care of the elder generation being the foremost. With more and more members entering a senior age, the percentage of people in the main working force falls abruptly, thus gradually preventing the traditional social welfare system from functioning properly and effectively. The transformation to a modern and more scientific system of social security, however, may take a relatively long period, bringing hope and pain at the same time. For the old people themselves, apart from the irreversible decaying of health, mental hazards may constitute a more formidable problem— loss of sense of security, identity and confidence may accelerate the aging process. Last but not least, aging process an even greater threat to our country than to the developed world because we are aging before we become rich.

To battle the potential negative effects, several necessary steps should be taken: the chief task lies in taking care of the old people and helping them take

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care of themselves. All the members in the society should join their hands in creating a favorable environment for the old people. The people themselves should never stop pursuing whatever they view as important in life, since “It is not the years in your life, but the life in your years that counts”. Only in a reasonable, prosperous and healthy society can we hope to witness the ideal scene in which old people can enjoy their twilight to the uttermost.

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